1. ‘Total War’ this time

2. Deaths During World War II (millions)
53.7

3. Defeat of the Axis Powers
Key factors: personnel reserves
industrial capacity
US joining the war turned the tide
available materials
shipbuilding
vehicle production

4. Allied Victories Victory in Europe (VE):
Red Army (USSR) gains offensive after Stalingrad
Western Allies in N. Africa, Italy
a race to control post-war Europe begins
D-Day: June 6, 1944, allied forces land in France
bombing of German cities
Dresden, February 1945: 135,000 killed
8 May Germany surrenders
Victory in the Pacific:
code-breakers and success at Midway
‘Island-hopping’ close enough to Japan
bombing brings surrender 2 September 1945

5. By 1945 – allies, but not really allies
Soviet-dominated forces
“Western” coalition forces
raced to the river Elbe and divided Germany

6. And this was in no way the end: Origins of Cold War in WWII
unnatural allies
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt [Atlee and Truman]
USSR vs. Japan ?
free elections for
Eastern Europe
1946: “Iron Curtain” descends

7. Money for Minds and Hearts
US: The Marshall Plan (1947)
USSR: COMECON, (1949)
Became an arms race: NATO
Warsaw Pact
MAD

8. The Truman Doctrine world divided: free and enslaved states
US to support all movements for democracy, and
‘militarization’ of the Cold War
became global