1. AGA’s Programme on Livestock in Climate Change December 1 st, 2009 Pierre Gerber Livestock Policy Officer, AGAL

2. Outline Livestock’s Long Shadow why? main results aftermath Current programme of work on climate overview ongoing activities Conclusions

3. Livestock’s Long Shadow Land use Rangeland represents about 26% of emerged land Feed crops use about 33% of arable land Climate change 18% of GHG emissions related to livestock food chains C storage potential Water Livestock sector represents 8% of all entropic water use, 90% of which for feed production Biodiversity IUCN identifies livestock as one of the threats to 1699 endangered species (red list) Can also have positive effects on biodiversity conservation Technical options for mitigation are largely available but conducive policy frameworks and institutions are missing.

4. The aftermath of LLS Raised awareness academia, general public, policy debate over simplification and distortion/selection of messages focus on climate change basic results stood the test Many studies relying on food chain / live cycle approach: available results and databases but fragmented Expectations to move on to an action plan

5. Aim of current activities on climate change Provide specific policy and technology options to mitigate Greenhouse Gas emissions of livestock production  identify ”low hanging fruit” enteric methane manure management restoration of degraded pastures in the Neotropics Provide scientific underpinning to climate negotiations improve the quantification calculations quantify economic and trade implications associated with policy recommendations identify technology packages adapted to farming systems and agro- ecological zones

6. Overview of current activities Programme on the reduction of GHG emissions from animal food chains Quantification of emissions LCA analysis Economic modeling Policy analysis Technical recommendationsPolicy recommendations Pilot project

7. Life cycle analysis – dairy product

8. Range of GHG for commodities in OECD-countries 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 PigPoultryBeefMilkEggs kg CO2 eq/kg animal protein Source: DeVries & DeBoer (2009)

9. Range of GHG emissions within one production system: landless pig production Source: Backus (2009)

10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sub Saharan AfricaNetherlands Percentage of total GHG emissions Milk Meat Manure Traction Savings Insurance Attributing emissions

11. Overview of current activities Programme on the reduction of GHG emissions from animal food chains Quantification of emissions LCA analysis Economic modeling Policy analysis Technical recommendationsPolicy recommendations Pilot project

12. Livestock sector purchases permits from other sectors Emissions permit revenue (mil. USD), 2013 Cap = 100% of 2008 emissions

13. “High-cap” for non-Annex 1 countries Emissions permit revenue (mil. USD), 2013 Cap = Annex 1: 84.5% of 2013 emissions Non-Annex 1: 100% 2013 emissions

14. Overview of current activities Programme on the reduction of GHG emissions from animal food chains Quantification of emissions LCA analysis Economic modeling Policy analysis Technical recommendationsPolicy recommendations Pilot project

15. Overview of current activities Programme on the reduction of GHG emissions from animal food chains Quantification of emissions LCA analysis Economic modeling Policy analysis Technical recommendationsPolicy recommendations Pilot project

16. Conclusions Livestock’s Long Shadow provided an overview of livestock’s impact on major global environmental issues Since then the work of AGAL has mostly focused on climate change Analytical work aimed at underpinning the selection of technologies (AGAP) and policy options (AGAL) No strong collaboration with NGOs so far Contact: pierre.gerber@fao.orgpierre.gerber@fao.org