1. Music Chapter 6

2. Origins of Music Egyptians developed formal music Greek word “harmony” indicates a connection between music and the structure of the universe

3. ToneThe Scale Basic element of music True music began when someone experimented with a variety of tones Orderly progression of frequencies All cultures that developed music used a scale

4. RhythmMelody Alternating between stress and unstress Innate, babies clap and drum “Rhythm is at the very center of our lives” Sequence of tones that forms a unity The part we remember, sing along with

5. Silence Unpublicized ingredient that makes music possible To deepen an appreciation of music, it is necessary to hear and enjoy silence “music is the shaped sound between silences”

6. Bach Fugue Beethoven Symphony Baroque Fugues-displays of counterpoint Idea is to demonstrate that what for the average person would be an impossibility is indeed well within the capabilities of the performer Beethoven greatly expanded the capabilities of the symphony orchestra Work has transcended time. Ode to Joy

7. Art SongsFolk Songs By the time of the great composers song was a recognized art form Ave Maria Folk song has followed few aesthetic rules don’t need expert voices or accompaniment Handed down through generations Promote group solidarity

8. Genres of Folk Music Commemorative songs- keep record of important events Work song- represents hardship, struggle between worker and management Accumulation song- deliberately drawn out, verse after verse (12 days of Christmas) Narrative song- tells a tale, drawn out Protest Songs- make statements about war, pollution, corruption

9. The SpiritualGospel Songs Roots in slavery Religious subject matter, God’s concern for all Led to Gospel music Music that is written to express either personal, spiritual or a communal belief regarding Christian life Gospel music in general is characterized by dominant vocals

10. RagtimeJazz America music, from saloons and bars Syncopation-irregular movement, against the beat Scott Joplin- The Entertainer Pattern-ensemble plays once together, then each piece takes a turn doing a variation on the theme improv

11. Blues Melancholy mood produced by music Usually about the aftermath of passion Billy Holiday

12. Popular Songs Big Band Era- dance music played by orchestras, upbeat music to escape the Depression and WWII Irving Berlin-composed classics, “White Christmas”, “God Bless America” Frank Sinatra- crooner, possibly the greatest of all vocal stylists

13. The Beginnings of Rock Rock is the most pervasive musical phenomenon of our time Bill Haley and the Comets (Rock Around the Clock) is the band credited for introducing the musical movement called rock ‘n’ roll Rock is a revolutionary battle cry, ultimate Dionysian music of our time

14. Little RichardElvis True “father” of Rock Outlandish outfits, playing piano and jumping around Cultural phenomenon, scandalized older audiences Started out spontaneous but studio created force Elvis on Ed Sullivan for the First Time Elvis on Ed Sullivan for the First Time

15. The Beatles Caught on as no other group has Appealed to “hippies” wanted freedom from constraint Unique haircuts, irreverent attitudes Admired for their honesty and purity of heart

16. Rock Concert Concert is one of the cornerstones of modern musical culture Art in itself, showmanship, effects, props, multimedia

17. Hip Hop Newer genre, has become very significant part of society Defines a way of being, “includes rap, baggy clothes, break-dancing, graffiti, vocabulary and a general lifestyle” ◦Rap is a subgenre of hip hop, half-sung half- spoken music ◦Represents a virtuoso use of language and an incredible kind of spontaneous poetry

18. The Musical Avant-Garde Avant-garde- looks after our best interests, protects us from the dull and familiar Need to be free from restraint Always looking for the next frontier

19. Life can be enriched if you are willing to listen to the great classics of the past and the perhaps great-one-day experiments of the present.