1. New France and France vs Britain
Chapter 4

2. Connection to Period 2 Concept Outline
2.1: Differences in imperial goals, cultures, and the North American environments that different empires confronted led Europeans to develop diverse patterns of colonization.
2.1-I Seventeenth-century Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers embraced different social and economic goals, cultural assumptions, and folkways, resulting in varied models of colonization
B. French and Dutch colonial efforts involved relatively few Europeans and used trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire furs and other products for export to Europe.
Pgs

3. New France 1608-1763 France: no colonization before the 1600’s
Lots of internal problems (religious civil war) until 1600
1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec
First settlement in New France
1682 Robert de La Salle explored the Mississippi— Louisiana
1718 New Orleans founded
2 parts, Canada and Louisiana
Canada: Quebec, Montreal, Louisbourg (all of modern-day Canada plus the Great Lakes region of the US)
Louisiana: New Orleans (all of modern-day central and a lot of the western US)

4. Life in New France Canada: trade with Indians (Beaver)
Louisiana: trade with Indians and grow wheat for the French Caribbean
Friendly relations with Native Americans
Jesuits—tried to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism (didn’t force them to)
Indians incorporated into French society (somewhat) generally not as exploited as in Spanish possessions
Focus was on trading with Indians (contrast with Spanish/English)
Sparsely populated: only thousand French settlers in mid 1700’s (compared to 1.5 million in English colonies)
Autocratic: no representative government, no trial by jury, no religious toleration

5. Connection to Period 2 Concept Outline
2.2 European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples.
A. Conflicts in Europe spread to North America, as French, Dutch, British, and Spanish colonies allied, traded with, and armed American Indian groups, leading to continuing political instability.
2.2-II Clashes between European and American Indian social and economic values caused changes in both cultures.
A. Continuing contact with Europeans increased the flow of trade goods and diseases into and out of native communities, stimulating cultural and demographic changes.
C. By supplying American Indian allies with deadlier weapons and alcohol and by rewarding Indian military actions, Europeans helped increase the intensity and destructiveness of American Indian warfare.
Pages 58, in textbook

6. European Contact With Native Americans and Its Impact
European trade
French, Dutch, English all traded with Northeastern Native American groups
Furs in exchange for clothing, tools, alcohol, firearms
Significant impact on Native American culture, ways of life
Access to furs led to competition for territory among Native American groups
Native American warfare
Different tribes allied with different European powers
Huron, Ottawa, Abenaki, and others allied with France
Iroquois League and others allied with British

7. Connection to Period 2 Concept Outline
2.2-I Competition over resources between European rivals led to conflict within and between North American colonial possessions and American Indians.
A. Conflicts in Europe spread to North America, as French, Dutch, British, and Spanish colonies allied, traded with, and armed American Indian groups, leading to continuing political instability.
B. As European nations competed in North America, their colonies focused on gaining new sources of labor and on producing and acquiring commodities that were valued in Europe.
C. The goals and interests of European leaders at times diverged from those of colonial citizens, leading to growing mistrust on both sides of the Atlantic, as settlers, especially in the English colonies, expressed dissatisfaction over territorial settlements, frontier defense, and other issues.
Pgs

8. France vs. Britain 1689-1763 4 colonial wars fought during this time
All pitted France (and Indian allies [Huron]) and sometimes the Spanish vs the British (and Indian allies [Iroquois])
King William’s War
Queen Anne’s War
King George’s War
French and Indian War

9. King William’s and Queen Anne’s Wars
Colonists and Indians vs colonists and Indians
Very little/no involvement from Europe
Sideshow of larger European conflicts
British gained possession of the Hudson Bay, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland from the French
Treaty of Utrecht 1713

10. King George’s War
First conflict to have significant European involvement in North America (money, soldiers)
Colonists captured the French fortress-city of Louisbourg, but it was returned to France following the peace treaty (exchanged for British losses in India)
Effects on the colonists???
Effects on sense of American identity???

11. French and Indian War
First time a war started in North America and spread to Europe
Involved large amounts of European resources (money, soldiers)
Fought over control of the Ohio River Valley (modern pay western PA, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan)
Began when George Washington encountered French soldiers near Fort Duquesne (modern-day Pittsburgh)
British and Iroquois vs French (and Spanish) and Huron

12. Significant Aspects of French and Indian War
Albany Conference and the Albany Plan: 1754
7 of the 13 colonies met in Albany to convince the Iroquois to join the war
Agreed to one commander of colonial forces (British General)
Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan (Albany Plan) to unite the colonies together under British rule (early version of the United States but still British)—never adopted
First step of the colonies working together
Braddock’s Defeat: 1755
Damaged the reputation of the British military in the colonies
Gave rise to the belief that colonies could survive/win without the Britsh

13. Franklin’s Political Cartoon: 1754

14. The French and Indian War
Went badly for the British/Americans at first
Braddock’s Defeat 1755
French/Indian attacks on the frontier settlements
British/Americans defeated in upstate New York
1757 New British Prime Minister (William Pitt) new strategy
Pay the Americans to fight (cheaper than sending all the soldiers over from Britain)
Don’t attack the French everywhere, just attack them in Canada
British successful war ends in 1763: British/Americans Win

15. Peace of Paris: 1763 Ended the war Effects:
French gave all of Canada and Eastern half of Louisiana to the British
Spanish gave Florida to the British
To repay the Spanish for the loss of Florida the French gave the western half of Louisiana to the Spanish
No more French in North America

17. Significance of French and Indian War: Aftermath
Wars cost money, Britain had a large amount of debt
How do governments pay off their debts?
Indians no longer could play the French and British against each other—didn’t like this situation
Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763
Indian rebellion defeated by British but
British stationed soldiers to protect against further Indian attacks—cost money, led to
British prohibited European settlement west of the Appalachian mountains—Proclamation of 1763

19. French and Indian War and the American Revolution
Question: In what ways did the French and Indian War contribute to the American Revolution?
Financially?
Other ways?
American identity, examples?