1. Civil War Art An Online Professional Development Workshop

2. From the Forum Issues, Questions, Challenges  Strong interest in the photographs of Mathew Brady and Alexander Gardener.  How did their battlefield images affect viewers?  Were they reproduced in newspapers?  Were battlefield photographs censored?  Did either side use images as propaganda?

3. Kirk Savage Professor of Art History University of Pittsburgh Art of the United States Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape (2009) Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth-Century (1998) Awarded the John Hope Franklin Prize McINTIRE DEPT. OF ARTART HISTORYSTUDIO ARTGRADUATE PROGRAMEVENTS WelcomeWelcome · About the Program · Admissions · Calendar · Courses · Faculty & StaffAbout the ProgramAdmissionsCalendarCoursesFaculty & Staff

4. Part One Old Ideals, New Technologies

5. Winslow Homer, “War for the Union—Bayonet Charge,” Harper’s Weekly, July 12, 1862 Discussion Questions How likely was it that Homer witnessed such a battle? How did he design the scene to bolster home front morale? How did his image reflect old tactics and old ideals of battle?

6. Winslow Homer, “War for the Union—Bayonet Charge,” Harper’s Weekly, July 12, 1862

7. Winslow Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg Oil on panel, 1864 Discussion Questions How does this portrayal of battle differ from that in Homer’s “Bayonet Charge”? How is the battlefield and Homer’s image of it organized around the new technology of long-range weaponry?

8. Winslow Homer, Defiance: Inviting a Shot before Petersburg Oil on panel, 1864

9. Winslow Homer, “A Sharp-shooter on Picket Duty” Harper’s Weekly, November 15, 1862 Discussion Question How does this image make sense of long-distance sharpshooting, a practice Homer would later call “as near as murder as anything I ever could think of in connection with the army”?

10. Winslow Homer, “A Sharp-shooter on Picket Duty Harper’s Weekly, November 15, 1862

11. John Rogers, Sharpshooters Plaster, 1862 Discussion Questions Is Rogers’ plaster group a celebration or a critique of the sharpshooter’s craft? Given that he made it for display in middle-class homes, was it wise for him to undertake this subject?

12. John Rogers, Sharpshooters, (front) plaster, 1862

13. John Rogers, Sharpshooters, (back) plaster,1862

14. Part Two Battlefield Photography: “Bodies in Our Dooryards”

15. Alexander Gardner View in the Field, on the west side of Hagerstown road, after the Battle of Antietam September, 1862 Discussion Questions The Antietam photographs were the first images of corpses taken in the immediate aftermath of battle. Why were these photographs so shocking? How did they upset the conventions of heroic death and proper care for he dead?

16. Alexander Gardner, View in the Field, on the west side of Hagerstown road, after the Battle of Antietam, September, 1862

17. Alexander Gardner A Contrast: Federal buried, Confederate unburied, where they fell, on Battlefield of Antietam September, 1862. Discussion Question Why is this contrast significant?

18. Alexander Gardner, A Contrast: Federal buried, Confederate unburied, where they fell, on Battlefield of Antietam, September, 1862

19. James F. Gibson Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter July 1863 Discussion Questions The photographer moved the body and arranged the props before taking the photo. Why? What does this tell us about “documentary” photography?

20. James F. Gibson, Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, July 1863

21. John Reekie A Burial Party, Cold Springs Harbor, Virginia April, 1865 Discussion Questions Who is being buried? Who is doing the burying? What are the ironies of this image?

22. John Reekie, A Burial Party, Cold Springs Harbor, Virginia April, 1865

23. Part Three Liberation: Slaves, Contraband, and Freedman

24. John Rogers Camp Fire, or Making Friends with the Cook 1862 Discussion Questions How are the two men joined in this narrative? How are they separated from one another? Is this comic, or serious, or both?

25. John Rogers, Camp Fire, or Making Friends with the Cook, 1862

26. John Rogers, Camp Fire, plaster,1862

27. John Quinicy Adams Ward The Freedman 1863 Discussion Questions How does Ward’s protagonist differ from Rogers’ protagonist in Camp Life? How does it feel to take the pose of the Freedman? What future prospects does his situation suggest?

28. John Quinicy Adams Ward The Freedman Bronze, 1863

29. “A Typical Negro,” Harper’s Weekly, July 4, 1863 Discussion Questions How is the before and after contrast constructed, and what is it supposed to tell us? Why is the scarred back so prominent? How does it serve as an icon of the Union cause?

30. GORDON AS HE ENTERED OUR LINES. GORDON UNDER MEDICAL INSPECTION. GORDON IN HIS UNIFORM AS A U. S. SOLDIER. “A Typical Negro,” Harper’s Weekly, July 4, 1863

31. Winslow Homer Near Andersonville (At the Cabin Door) Oil on canvas, 1865-66 Discussion Questions How does Homer construct the image to call into question the issues of loyalty and citizenship? Who are the rightful inhabitants, and who are the occupiers? Who belongs and who does not? How does Homer make the point of view problematic?

32. Winslow Homer Near Andersonville (At the Cabin Door), 1865-66 Oil on canvas

33. Part Four Aftermath

34. Winslow Homer Prisoners from the Front Oil on canvas 1866 Discussion Questions How does this painting stereotype the two sides in the War? How does this connect, or not, with the liberation narrative of Part Three?

35. Winslow Homer, Prisoners from the Front, oil on canvas, 1866

36. Thomas Nast “Patience on a Monument Harper’s Weekly, October 10, 1868 Discussion Questions How and why does Nast parody a typical public monument? What does this image say about the white South’s perversion of civic values?

37. Thomas Nast, “Patience on a Monument,” Harper’s Weekly, October 10, 1868 Inscription Excerpts THE WHIPPING POST. HUNTED DOWN WITH BLOOD- HOUNDS SLAVERY FOR YEARS BRANDED AND MAN- ACLED THE AUCTION BLOCK— HUSBAND AND WIFE, PARENT AND CHILD, BROTHER AND SISTER SOLD APART DAUGHTERS, MOTHERS, WIVES AND SISTERS RUINED KNOWLEDGE A SEALED BOOK.

38. Thomas Ball, Freedmen’s Memorial to Abraham Lincoln, 1876 Discussion Questions Compare this real monument with Thomas Nast’s imaginary one. What is the slave figure doing, and why? Ultimately, how is Ball’s monument more fictional than Nast’s?

39. Thomas Ball, Freedmen’s Memorial to Abraham Lincoln, 1876

40. Elizabeth Keckley Liberty Quilt 1860s Discussion Question How does this quilt function as an alternative memorial to the War?

41. Elizabeth Keckley, Liberty Quilt, 1860s For close-up, visit http://dept.kent.edu/museum/collection/keckley.htmhttp://dept.kent.edu/museum/collection/keckley.htm

42. Elizabeth Keckley, Liberty Quilt, 1860s

43. Final slide. Thank you.