1. Stage 12 Cultura Packet Pages 30-31

2. Mount Vesuvius 1.Mt. Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD 2.The two towns buried in the eruption were a.Herculaneumb. Pompeii 3.Herculaneum was buried under a huge mass of mud that came down the mountainside. 4.Pompeii was covered in super hot ash and stone.

3. Mt. Vesuvius 5.The two cities were buried under debris. a.Herculaneum was buried 40 ft under b.Pompeii was buried 15-20 ft under 6.An earthquake had struck the area 17 years prior to the volcanic eruption. 7.Many of the people that stayed behind died from being buried alive in the ruins of their homes, or from smoke inhalation and sulfur fumes in the air.

4. Mt. Vesuvius 8.Those who fled attempted to regain access to their homes after the eruption by digging tunnels. 9.The people were not able to rebuild the city because it was not able to be excavated. 10. People primarily relocated to Naples. 11. The Italian word civita means “a city”.

5. Rediscovery of Pompeii/Herculaneum xii.The first remains of Pompeii were found in 1594. xiii. They were found by an Italian architect named Fontana. xiv. Fontana was in the process of building a water channel for a nearby town, and stumbled across the ruins.

6. Rediscovery of Pompeii/Herculaneum xv.King Charles III of Naples was the next person to excavate the site. xvi. King Charles III began excavations in 1748. xvii. It was not until 1763 that it was realized the ruins were that of Pompeii. xviii. Herculaneum excavations were much more difficult since the mud had turned into stone, and the ruins were buried 40 ft below.

7. Rediscovery of Pompeii/Herculaneum xviii.Early excavations took place due to a want for treasure. xix. Systematic excavations did not begin until the early 19 th c. xx.The artifacts found were taken to the National Museum in Naples.

8. Rediscovery of Pompeii/Herculaneum xxi.Archaeologists were able to determine the objects that had occupied hollow spaces by pouring in liquid plaster and allowing it to dry. The plaster was then carefully removed once it hardened. xxii.Today we use a resin because this material is transparent. It allows us to see any bones, jewelry etc that may be in the space.

10. The largest number of victims in Pompeii: It has been determined that these 13 people died while attempting to vacate Pompeii on the morning of the second day. Their bodies were found near an outdoor triclinium by a vineyard. They would have been overtaken by the toxic fumes of the eruption.

11. Rediscovery of Pompeii/Herculaneum xxiii.Wooden doors/stairs, woven materials, fishing nets, and wax tablets were all found at Herculaneum. xxiv. Pompeii is only 3/5ths of the way excavated at this point. xxv.Various artifacts have been found at Pompeii: Remains, pots, coins, lampstands, wall paintings etc