2. 2
Chapter
Hand Tools

3. Objectives Identify the various types of hand tools.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of hand tool.
Select the proper hand tool for the job.
Demonstrate skills in using various hand tools.
Demonstrate how to use hand tools safely.
Maintain, repair, or replace damaged tools.
Demonstrate good craftsmanship in the performance of daily tasks.

4. Tools for Technicians Acquire quality tools Care for them properly
Skillfully use them
Always use the correct tool for the job

5. Wrenches Most widely used type of hand tool
Used to hold or turn nuts, bolts, cap screws, and other fasteners
Applying too much torque can strip threads or break off bolt heads
Always use wrenches safely
Know when to repair or replace

6. Types of Wrenches Open-End Box-End Open jaw on each end
Closed on both ends

7. Types of Wrenches (Cont.)
Combination
Has one open-end and one box-end
Refrigeration Service
Designed to turn refrigeration service valve stems
Can have ratcheting feature
Ritchie Engineering – YELLOW JACKET Products Division

8. Types of Wrenches (Cont.)
Flare-Nut
Box wrench with an opening in the box
Use to turn flare nuts
Adjustable
Has a movable lower jaw
Turn so force is on the fixed jaw

9. Types of Wrenches (Cont.)
Allen
Also known as a hex key
Hardened steel shaft with a hexagonal shape
Available in different styles

10. Socket Wrenches
Individual, cylinder-shaped box-end attachments used with a handle
Handles often have ratcheting feature
Socket openings may be 4, 6, 8, or 12-point

11. Pliers Used to grip, cut, crimp, hold, or bend various materials
Choose the correct type of pliers for the job
Always use pliers safely
Know when to repair or replace

12. Types of Pliers Lineman’s Long-Nose Have a strong side-cutting feature
Useful electrical tool
Long-Nose
Allow technicians to reach into tight places
Available in a variety of nose designs

13. Types of Pliers (Cont.) Diagonal Cutting Pump
Designed for cutting electrical wires, cotter pins, nails, and other fasteners
Pump
Used for gripping round, square, flat, and hexagonal objects
Size opening adjustable through tongue and grooves

14. Types of Pliers (Cont.) Slip-Joint Adjustable
Designed for gripping, turning, and bending
Two jaw opening sizes
Adjustable
Different types available

15. Types of Pliers (Cont.) Locking
Use a compound leverage system to lock the jaws for holding various shapes and sizes of work

16. Screwdrivers Used to drive or withdraw threaded fasteners
Available in wide variety of shapes and sizes
Reversible screwdrivers have a different tip at each end of the shank
Interchangeable bit screwdrivers
Screw-holding screwdrivers

17. Nut Drivers 6-point socket head
Useful for removing and replacing small hex head screws and nuts
Available in a range of sizes

18. Hammers Used for various striking operations
Use the correct hammer for the job and use it properly
Always use hammers safely
Know when to repair or replace

19. Types of Hammers Nail Ball Pein Curved claw and straight claw
Different sizes for light and heavy work
Ball Pein
Designed for use when riveting, shaping, and straightening metal
Also used when striking chisels and punches

20. Types of Hammers (Cont.)
Soft-Faced
Used where steel hammers would mar or damage the workpiece
Engineer’s
Designed for heavy-duty striking
Also called “sledge hammer”

21. Types of Hammers (Cont.)
Setting
Have square corners and straight sides
Designed for sheet metal work
Klein Tools, Inc.

22. Hacksaws Used to cut all types of metal objects
Blades are selected according to the number of teeth per inch
At least two teeth should contact the metal being cut
Can use one or two hands on the saw to make cuts

23. Twist Drill Bits Used to cut small-diameter holes in metal or wood
Made up of shank, body, and point
Available individually and in sets

24. Wood Bits
Designed to drill into wood, plastic laminate, plaster, foam insulation, and similar materials
Common wood bits:
Spade-type
Auger-type

25. Other Types of Drill Bits
Hole Saws
Designed for cutting holes
Used on steel, aluminum, copper, brass, sheet metal, stainless steel, wood, or plastics
Masonry
Used for drilling brick, stone, concrete, and ceramic materials
Star drills designed for hand-drilling holes

26. Snips Used to cut sheet metal, screens, gaskets, and straps
Four basic types
Straight-pattern, combination, duckbill, and aviation
Other types
Curved blade, bulldog, double-cut, and jeweler’s
Always use snips safely

27. Straight Snips Used for making straight-line cuts
Available in different sizes

28. Combination and Duckbill Snips
Used for cutting curves in either direction
May be used for straight-line cutting

29. Aviation Snips
Uses compound lever for less effort to cut than other types of snips
Made of alloy steel
Cutting blades are serrated
Available in straight, left-hand, and right-hand patterns

30. Punches Used to mark parts before disassembly
Used to make an indentation in metal before drilling
Common types of punches
Center
Prick
Pin

31. Cold Chisels
Used to cut off damaged or badly rusted nuts, bolts, rivet heads, or other fasteners
Do not use dull chisels or those with a mushroomed head
Edge can be sharpened with hand file or whetstone

32. Repair or Replace Do not use worn out or broken tools
Damaged tools will not do the job properly
They can put the users and others at risk
Repair or replace worn tools as required
Replacing a tool is a small cost compared to the cost of an injury or time wasted by poor performance