1. Our Solar System
S8.D

2. Universe
Galaxy
Infinity 2008 video

4. )Milky Way Galaxy (Our Galaxy)

5. Amazing ! Video Universe All of the matter and energy that exists
 Everything (all of outer space)
There are more stars in Universe than grains of sand in the world
Galaxy  collection of stars and nebula
 contains 100’s of billions of stars
 Nebula cloud of dust and gas which condenses to form a new star
Amazing !
Video
Video

6. Solar System- contains:
(1) one star (sun)
(2) planets, dwarf planets, moons
(3) Asteroids, comets, meteoroids
NASA Planet Fact Site

7. Solar System
The Sun is Earth’s closest star
The Sun is the most massive body in our Solar System
The sun is an average-size star in the Milky Way Galaxy

8. How The Sun Produces Energy:
Nuclear Fusion
Hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms
Lots of energy is given off in the process (7 forms of EM Radiation)
H + H  He + energy
Opposite of Nuclear Fission

10. What Happened To Pluto. in Aug
What Happened To Pluto? in Aug IAU (International Astronomical Union) changed the definition of a planet
NASA Planet Fact Site
PLANET
Orbits the Sun
Nearly Round
Clears its own orbital path around the Sun
Now have 8 planets
DWARF PLANET
Orbits the Sun
Nearly Round
Does not clear its own path around the Sun
5 Dwarf Planets so far (hundreds more to come)
Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris
Video clip

11. Inner Planets vs Outer Planets
NASA Planet Fact Site
Inner Planets vs Outer Planets
Small and Rocky
Solid Surface
Low mass
High Density
Close to sun
Closely spaced orbits
Few moons (if any)
No rings
Terrestrial Planets
Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars
Large and Gaseous
No solid surface
High mass
Low Density
Far from sun
Separated orbits
Many moons
Many rings
Gas giants
Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Size of planets video clip #2
Size of planets video clip

12. Mercury Surface resembles the moon’s
No Moon or Atmosphere (very thin, hardly any)
Shortest Year (88 E days)Revolves faster than any other planet (107,000 mph) and has the shortest distance to travel around the Sun
Long DayRotates slowly takes 59 E. days
Temperature Range (greatest of any planet)
High = 800F Low = -274F
*Days and nights are long, so it has lots of time to heat up and cool down.
NASA Planet Fact Site

13. **Day is Longer than a Year on Venus**
No Moon
Atmosphere
Very thick clouds made of CO2 and Sulfuric Acid
Atmospheric pressure is 91x greater than Earth’s
Severe Greenhouse Effect because of thick Carbon Dioxide
Hottest 900 F
It rains Sulfuric Acid
Day (Longest of any Planet) 243 E. Days
Year  225 E. Days
**Day is Longer than a Year on Venus**
Video clip
NASA Planet Fact Site
Venus rotates the opposite way

14. Mars The Red Planet, because of the iron oxide (rust) in its soil
NASA Planet Fact Site
The Red Planet, because of the iron oxide (rust) in its soil
Day= 24.5 hrs
Year= 1.9 Earth Years
Diameter = about ½ Earth
No Liquid water today???, although it is thought to have had water in the past. Evidence of dried riverbeds and erosion exists.
2 Moons:
Phobos (14 miles)
Deimos (8 miles)
 probably captured asteroids

15. Mars (Continued)
NASA Planet Fact Site
Permafrost- The soil is permanently frozen. Lots of frozen water in the soil
Atmosphere is very thin and made mainly of carbon dioxide.
Doesn’t retain much heat from the Sun so its average temperature is -85 F
There are strong Dust storms on Mars

16. Mars (Continued) Interesting Features on Mars: Face Heart
NASA Planet Fact Site
Interesting Features on Mars:
Face
Heart
Happy Face Crater
Woman

17. Mars (Continued) Spacecraft: (some) Mariner 4  1st to visit in 1965
NASA Planet Fact Site
Drive ME!
Spacecraft: (some)
Mariner 4  1st to visit in 1965
Viking I and II  landed in 1976
Mars Global Surveyor orbit in 1996
Pathfinder  in 1997 was 1st robotic rover on mars
Mars Odyssey orbit in 2001
Spirit and Opportunity twin rovers in 2004
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter orbit in 2006
Phoenix Lander landed in 2008
clip
clip
virtual mars

18. Asteroid Belt Video clip: How to prevent a collision?
NASA Planet Fact Site
Hundreds of thousands of rocks that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter
Thought to be matter that failed to join with a planet because of Jupiter’s strong gravitational pull.
Made of Rock and Metal
Irregular shape (not spherical)
Vary in size
Smaller than planets
None have atmospheres
Video clip: How to prevent a collision?

19. Comets
NASA Planet Fact Site
Long elliptical orbits that take them far from the sun beyond Pluto and closer to the Sun than Earth.
Made of Rock, Dust, and Ice
Smaller than planets
Irregular shaped
Develop a tail as they get close to the sun

20. Meteoroid Meteor Meteorite
rocky objects; smaller than asteroids and comets
Broken off pieces of planets, moons, asteroids, or comets
NASA Planet Fact Site
Meteor
a meteoroid burning in Earth’s atmosphere
seen as a flash of light
“shooting star”
Meteorite
a meteor that does not completely burn up in the atmosphere
strikes the ground

21. Jupiter Largest Planet Very thick atmosphere of H and He
NASA Planet Fact Site
Largest Planet
Very thick atmosphere of H and He
- 240 F at cloud tops
Thin ring system
Over 60 moons (4 major)
Shortest day (10 hrs)  poles flatten!
Great Red Spot
2-3x size of earth
Hurricane like storm going on for thousands of years

22. Saturn 2nd largest planet Will float in water (least dense planet)
NASA Planet Fact Site
2nd largest planet
Will float in water (least dense planet)
- 290 F at cloud tops
Over 60 moons
Very thick atmosphere of H and He
Most extensive Ring system of any planet
ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with some contamination from dust and other chemicals.

23. Uranus and Neptune Thick atmosphere made of mainly H and He
Both approx F at cloud tops
Both have thin ring systems
Uranus is tipped on its side and has 27 moons
Neptune has 13 moons
NASA Planet Fact Site