1. 19 Post-Stalin Era: Nationalism, Culture, and Foreign Policy

2. Overview A.Main Themes B.Nationalities: From Fusion to Fission C.Culture: Thaw, Repression, Dissent D.Foreign Policy: Confrontation, Détente, Crisis E.Conclusions

3. A. Main Themes 1.Nationality: neither integration nor suppression, denial and disintegration 2.Khrushchev’s thaw: concessions and conflict 3.Brezhnev era: repression and rise of dissent 4.Antireligious campaigns 5.Khrushchev’s USSR: confrontation

4. B. Nationalities: From Fusion to Fission 1.Demography 2.Post-Stalin Policy: Voluntary Fusion 3.Politics: Slavic Center, Non-slavic periphery 4.Economics 5.Cultural issue: language, literature, religion 6.Dissent: minority and Russian nationalism 7.1980s: Centrifugal forces prevail

5. Central Asia: Two Worlds

6. C. Culture 1.Khrushchev: Concessions and Conflict a.“Thaw” b.Conflict and consternation c.Antireligious campaign 2.Brezhnev: Repression and dissent a.Repression b.Dissidenty: Dissenters c.Diversity of dissent

7. Moscow Youth Festival (1957)

8. Krokodil Satire: Soviet Hippies (1969)

9. Boris Pasternak

10. Elena Bonner and Andrei Sakharov

11. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

12. Vladimir Vysotskii Bard and Actor

13. Leaving the Village (1965 Painting)

14. D. Foreign Policy 1.Principal issues 2.Khrushchev era a.Goals and strategy b.Bloc politics c.West: accommodation, competition, confrontation 3.Brezhnev era a.Goals and strategy b.Bloc politics: Czechs, Chinese, and Poles c.Developing countries d.Détente e.Kabul and confrontation

15. Soviet Tanks in Budapest 1956

16. Budapest 1956

17. Mao, Stalin, Khrushchev

18. Khrushchev-Mao Negotiations 1959

19. “Good Morning, Africa!”

20. Prague 1968: Student Confronts Soviet Tank

21. Prague 1968: Students Exhort Soviet Soldiers to Leave

22. Afghanistan: Graveyard of Soviet Tanks

23. Soviet-Afghan War