Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Give Me Liberty! Norton Media Library An American History
Chapter 19 Give Me Liberty! An American History Second Edition Volume 2 by Eric Foner
2
Give Me Liberty! Norton Media Library An American History
Chapter 19 Give Me Liberty! An American History Second Edition Volume 2 by Eric Foner
3
I. An era of intervention
W. T. Snead’s The Americanization of the World Theodore Roosevelt and Roosevelt Corollary (Panama Canal) William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson’s“moral imperialism” (see quote, page 680 & 685) Mexico Mexican Revolution under leadership of Francisco Madero Assassination of Madero and outbreak of Civil War Wilson dispatches troops, skirmishes with Pancho Villa
4
Map 77
5
Map 76
6
II. America and the Great War
Outbreak of European war Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, Japan) versus Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) Protracted, bloody stalemate Implications of European war Undermining of faith in human progress and reason Indication of power of nationalism in modern world
7
Map 81
8
Map 79
9
II. America and the Great War (cont’d)
American Response Mixed sentiments Sympathy for Allied Powers British roots Association of Britain with democracy, Germany with tyranny Opposition to Allied Powers, and/or U.S. involvement German, Irish, Russian (anti-czarist) roots Antiwar feminists, pacifists, social reformers
10
II. America and the Great War (cont’d)
American Response The road to American involvement Initial declaration of neutrality British and German blockades American business ties to Britain Sinking of Lusitania “Preparedness” policy German suspension of submarine warfare against neutrals Reelection of Wilson; “He Kept Us Out of War” German resumption of open submarine warfare Zimmerman Note First Russian Revolution (Menshevik); overthrow of czar American declaration of war against Germany
11
II. America and the Great War (cont’d)
From American to Armistice Second Russian Revolution (Bolshevik) Vladimir Lenin’s break with Allies Withdrawal of Russia from war Wilson’s Fourteen Points Defeat of German advance; Allied counteroffensive German surrender (11/11/1911)
12
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Expansion of federal powers Military conscription (Selective Service Act, 1917) Economic intervention Areas War production (War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch) National transportation (Railroad Administration) Coal and oil (Fuel Administration) Farming and food preparation (Food Administration) Labor relations (National War Labor Board) Varied degrees of intervention Coordination of overall war production (WIB) Control of some sectors (coal, oil, labor relations)
13
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Expansion of federal powers Economic intervention Partnership between business and government Guaranteed profit Suspension of anti-trust Labor-management-government cooperation Uninterrupted production Federal mediation Labor’s right to organize Improved wages and working conditions Raising of revenue Corporate and income tax increases Liberty bonds
14
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Propaganda war Widespread opposition to American entry Industrial Workers of the World Socialist party Committee on Public Information; George Creel Modes of propaganda Pamhlets Posters Advertisements Motion pictures Four-Minute speeches Themes Social cooperation Expanded democracy and freedom Demonization of Germans
15
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Revitalization of Progressive causes Women’s suffrage Optimism that wartime patriotism will gain women the vote Insistence that women should enjoy “democracy” at home National Women’s party Alice Paul Support from Wilson Postwar ratification of Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
16
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Revitalization of Progressive causes Prohibition Sources of support Employers Urban reformers Women Anti-immigration Protestants Anti-Germans Progress Passage of state laws Postwar ratification of Eighteenth Amendment (1920)
17
Map 80
18
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Repression of dissent Instruments Federal government Espionage Act Sedition Act State governments Vigilante organizations Themes Definition of “patriotism” as support for government, war, economic status quo Definition of “un-Americanism” as labor radicalism, opposition to war (see Emma Goldman quote, page 697)
19
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Repression of dissent Means Criminalization of dissent; conviction of Eugene V. Debs Investigations of suspected dissidents Mass arrests Public harassment and intimidation Suppression of labor protest Terror Minimal reaction from Progressives
20
III. The war at home (cont’d)
Status and response of African-Americans Progressive era Roosevelt, Wilson, and Race Birth of a Nation W. E. B. Du Bois and revival of black protest Du Bois background The Souls of Black Folk Challenge to Booker T. Washington’s accommodationism “Talented tenth” Niagara movement (1905), see Du Bois quote, pg. 707 NAACP (1909)
21
III. The War at Home (cont’d)
Status and response of African-Americans World War I era Optimism that wartime patriotism would gain blacks equal rights “Close ranks” Minimal gains Great migration (1910: 90% black population in S) Scale and direction (see table, page 709) Motivations and aspirations Disappointing realities Anti-black violence, North and South New spirit of militancy Silent Protest Parade Garveyism (see quote, page 710) Universal Negro Improvement Association
22
IV. 1919 Labor upheaval in America Breadth and magnitude
Spirit and themes Appropriation of wartime rhetoric of freedom and democracy Social and ideological diversity
23
IV. 1919 (cont’d) Labor upheaval in America Red Scare Methods
Federal raids on officers of labor and radical organizations; Palmer Raids Arrests Deportations Secret Files Outcomes Devastation of labor and radical organizations Broad outrage over abuse of civil liberties
24
V. Forging of postwar international order
Wilson’s performance abroad Rapturous reception in Paris Hardheaded diplomacy at Versailles Treaty of Versailles Wilsonian elements League of Nations New sovereign nations in Europe: Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Yugoslavia Harsher elements French occupation of Saar Basin and Rhineland Germany Restrictions on German military Crippling reparations for Germany: $33-56 billion War guilt clause
25
V. Forging of postwar international order (cont’d)
Treaty of Versailles Limits of national sovereignty Denial of independence for French and British colonies League of Nations “mandates” for former Ottoman lands Reallotment of former German colonies Seeds of instability for twentieth-century world Wilsonian internationalism in postwar America Short term setbacks League of Nations debate Wilson’s stroke, incapacity Senate rejection of Versailles treaty Eclipse of Progressivism; “return to normalcy”
26
Map 82
Similar presentations
