1. The Ancient Texans Ch. 3, Section 1

2. I.Prehistory:the period of time before writing was developed A. People first came to the Western Hemisphere 35,000years ago. B. Asians migrated across a land bridge, the Bering Strait. C. Why?hunting for food (followed the herds of animals) and warmer weather D. Humans first reached Texas about 11,500years ago.

3. Early Native American Migration

4. Bering Straight Shrinking of Bering Land Bridge

5. E. Before written records were kept, how did people pass down their history to the next generation? Stories & pictographs Click here for online Pictograph Site

6. Era #1 Paleolithic (Stone Age) 15 to 8 thousand years ago Leanderthal Lady: female remains found near Leander, Texas that are about 10,000 years old Leanderthal Lady Link Leanderthal Lady Link #2

7. Food Mastadon Mammoth giant bison, rabbits, squirrels, birds

8. Prehistoric Mammals Wooly Mammoth www.sdnhm.org

9. www.prehistoriclifeafterkt.com Wooly Mammoth www.museum.state.il.us

10. Mastadon www.prehistoriclifeafterkt.com

11. Mastadon www.museum.state.il.us How are Mastadons different from Wooly Mammoths? Mastadons are smaller in size. different tooth formation smaller, straighter tusks

12. Weapons & Tools atlatl Flint-tipped spears & darts BPS Engineering Atlatl Web Site World Atlatl Organization Web Site Atlatl Web Site

13. Shelter Caves (rock shelter) or out in the open Nomadic or Settled Nomadic and lived in small groups

14. Add to top of next era-- Midland Minnie: female remains found near Midland, Texas that are about 8,000 years old

15. Era #2 Nomadic or Settled Archaic 8,000 years ago Climate became warmer & drier.

16. Food Hunted smaller game: buffalo, elk, bear, rabbits, squirrels, birds Foraged: berries, nuts, seeds, roots Buffalo Jump

17. Ice-age bison, such as this long-horned Bison latifrons, were twice as big as the bison (Bison bison) that live in South Dakota today. They died out about seven thousand years ago. Smaller bison took their place

18. Weapons & Tools Tools Axes, picks, drills, choppers, scrappers, and grinding tools made of stone or bone

19. Shelter Caves or out in the open Decorated caves with pictographs Nomadic or Settled Nomadic: They would stay in one area longer, but they were always searching for food. They began to domesticate animals (dogs).

20. Rock Shelter On ceiling of rock shelter

21. Era #3 Mesoamerican 1800-1900 years ago (100 A.D.)

22. Food Developed: Peanuts, corn, tomatoes, beans, pumpkins, squash, cotton Agriculture Hunted: buffalo & turkey

23. Weapons & Tools Developed:bow & arrow Tools & Pottery

24. Shelter Crude wood and stone houses Nomadic or Settled Settled in villages More complex society: workers, warriors, leaders, farmers

25. Why did this period (and all Prehistory in Texas) end? Spanish explorers arrived, and they kept written records (journals)…ending Prehistory.