1. Career Pathways in Disparate Industry Sectors to Serve Underserved Populations in the U.S. Debra D. Bragg, University of Illinois

2. Political Backdrop American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009) Ask: American Graduation Act - $12B Receive: Trade Adjustment Community College Career Training Act (TAACCCT)- $2B “First in the World” – new $75M annual investment

3. Community College Summit White House, October 2010 Community colleges are “one of the keys to the future of our country. We are in a global competition to lead in the growth industries of the 21st century. And that leadership depends on a well-educated, highly skilled workforce” (The White House, 2011, p. 11).

4. OECD, 2014

5. “Growth” es OECD (2014): Income inequality high in the U.S. Middle class and disadvantaged families “struggling with changing job market” High cost of education and health care OECD (2014): Income inequality high in the U.S. Middle class and disadvantaged families “struggling with changing job market” High cost of education and health care

6. 20042014 US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014)

7. 20042014 8.7M Jobs lost 2010 US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014)

8. 2004 2014 8.7M Jobs Lost 2010 22% Jobs Still Not Recovered “Jobless Recovery”

9. What’s the Problem? Middle Skills Gap vs Job Polarization Mismatch between skills and jobs “Hollowing out” of middle skill jobs

10. The Solution Middle Skills Gap vs Job Polarization Mismatch between skills and jobs “Hollowing out” of middle skill jobs Education and Training Job Creation

11. Career Pathways Foundations Breaking Through Accelerating Opportunity Shifting Gears Alliance for Quality Career Pathways Feds Career-Technical Ed (CTE), US Dept. of Ed Employment & Training Admin (ETA), US Dept. of Labor TAACCCT (DOL w/DOE)

12. Education & Training Job Creation Labor market analysis (assess demand) Education and employer partnerships Engagement of Workforce Investment Boards Engagement of employers Work-based learning (paid and unpaid) Competency-based education and assessment (mobile credits) Accelerated instruction Credit for prior learning Online and technology- enhanced learning Stackable credentials Intrusive student support Articulation and transfer Integrated systems

14. Preliminary Findings – Two TAACCCT Consortia (16 colleges, 9 states) Design: Bridges, pathways, and stackable credentials, mostly to sub-baccalaureate level Strategies: competency-based, acceleration, contextualization, intrusive advising, etc. Participants: – 31-34 years old – 40% racial/ethnic minority – 30% Pell – 70% part-time enrolled – Over 50% working (any job)

15. Preliminary Results (Aft 2 Years) Health Care Consortium (9 CCs) Enrollment exceeds target by nearly 300% – Target: 2250, Enrollment: 6317 Contextualized remedial reform: 2 colleges only Core competency-based reform: 3 colleges only All CCs report high credit attainment rate – Explanation: Intrusive support services Credential attainment: 2 meet target; 2 close Employment: Unknown (only 1% recorded so far) Consortium Scorecard, June 2014

16. TAACCCT career pathways focus on middle-skill gap, but will they lead to jobs?

17. Unanswered Questions Do career pathways lead to middle-skill jobs? Is individual social mobility enhanced? Does public policy lead to economic growth?

18. Contact  Debra Bragg, Gutgsell Endowed Professor o University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign  dbragg@illinois.edu dbragg@illinois.edu  OCCRL.illinois.edu *I wish to thank my colleagues at OCCRL for their support, and I also want to acknowledge the U.S. Department of Labor TAACCCT program and many others involved in TAACCCT who have offered generous funding and support to make this work possible.