1. Manifest
Destiny
Chapter 17 EU: To what extent did the debates about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect the sectional interests of New Englanders, westerners, and southerners in the period from 1845 to 1855? (2005 FRQ)

2. Events, Causes and Effects of Mexican War!
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the 16 documents provided. You may work with A PARTNER, but make notes on your own paper. Our ultimate goal is to connect the acquisition of Texas and California to other events leading up to the Civil War.
Questions:
What were the arguments for/against Mexican War?
Did Polk provoke the war?
What were the goals of the U.S. gov’t in the war?
Why did so many people oppose the war?

3. U.S. Foreign Policy Washington’s Farewell Address
Jefferson’s Tripoli War
Monroe Doctrine

4. Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860
New intellectual and religious movements.
Social reforms.
Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.
Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization.
Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions.
Increase in American nationalism.
Further westward expansion.

5. Causes of Expansion Economic Factors New Acquisitions
Lack of good land
Panic of 1837
New Acquisitions
Texas
California
Oregon

6. “Manifest Destiny”
First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.
".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

7. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

8. Texas
Independence
( )

9. Texas Declaration of Independence
1823 Land grants – 300 families
Issues with Mexico
Slavery, immigration,
local rights.
1835 – Santa Anna takes away local control, sends army.
1836 – Declare independence – Sam Houston C.I.C.

10. The Republic of Texas
April 21, 1836 – Battle of San Jacinto S.A. captured
Treaty – Withdraw troops, Rio Grande = Border
1837 – Jackson rec. Republic
Texas petitions for annexation.

11. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
The Battle of the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

12. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

13. Remember the Alamo!

14. Birth of the Whigs!
Platform: activist government, American System, reformers
Election of 1836 – Van Buren V. Wm. H. Harrison
Problems: Panic, Annexation of TX, Canada, “second-class man”

15. Election of 1840 Van Buren V. Harrison (Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!)
Issueless and enemy-less
Log Cabins and Hard Cider!
Whig Goals: American System
Webster – Sec of State
Clay – Senate Majority Leader
Harrison dies after 40 days – Tyler “The Accidental President” – Thrown out of Whig Party (Bank, tariff veto)

16. Election of 1844 James Polk V Henry Clay Issues:
Oregon – “54 40’ or Fight”
Texas
Pres. Tyler takes Polk’s election as a mandate and annexes TX in 1845 by joint resolution (simple majority) 28th STATE!
Liberty Party- Drew votes away from
Henry Clay, allowed
Polk to win

17. Texas (the beast): I fear I cannot carry you into the Presidential Chair. Polk: Dear Texas, I knew you cannot—I wish I had rode some other horse but it is too late to repent.

18. Goals of Polk’s Administration
Lower the tariff – Walker Tariff 1846
Resolve the Oregon boundary dispute – 49th parallel
Restore the independent treasury (Bank)
Acquire California – Wanted to buy, but relationship strained due to TX.

19. Overland Immigration to the West
Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

20. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!
By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.
The joint British-U. S. occupation ended in (Anglo-American Convention)

21. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

22. Trails Westward

23. The Doomed Donner Party
April, 1846 – April, 1847

24. The
Mexican War
( )

25. The Bear Flag Republic
The Revolt  June 14, 1845
John C. Frémont

26. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845
Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.
Would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt. ($3 million)
US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.
US would pay for California - $25 million
John Slidell

27. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)
Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Passed by House, defeated in Senate
Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)

28. The Mexican War ( )

29. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto
– ordered into “neutral territory”
April 25-May 8, 1846 – Battle “American blood upon American Soil.”
May 9 – Polk asks for War
Unpaid Damages
Slidell’s rejection
Abraham Lincoln’s “Spot Resolutions”
“Old Rough and Ready”

30. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz
Winfield Scott – Sept. 1847

31. General Scott Enters Mexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”

32. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

33. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. (1/2 territory)
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

34. Results of the Mexican War?
Positives: Negatives:
Land > LA Purchase - Mexico & Latin America angry
Manifest Destiny! ,000 lives and $100 million
Worldwide respect - Issue of slavery
Improved military - “Colossus of the North”
Wilmot Proviso!

35. Unresolved Issues
&
New Opportunities

36. Free Soil Party WHY? Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

37. The 1848 Presidential Election Results√

38. Manifest Destiny
Chapter 17 EU: To what extent did the debates about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect the sectional interests of New Englanders, westerners, and southerners in the period from 1845 to 1855? (2005 FRQ)
Brainstorming: What facts can you provide to answer the above question?