Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDalton Pilch Modified over 9 years ago
1
AN AGE OF EXPANSIONISM America: Past and Present Chapter 13
2
Presidents: 1825-1845
3
The Spirit of Young America ► Walt Whitman From this hour I ordain myself loos’d of limits and imaginary line, Going where I list, my own master total and absolute... ► Herman Melville Hereby perhaps Stubb indirectly hinted, that though man loved his fellow, yet man is a money-making animal, which propensity too often interferes with his benevolence.
4
Expansion and Borderlands-1830s ► 1842--Webster-Ashburton Treaty settles the northeast U.S.-Canadian boundary ► Americans begin settling in Oregon territory (joint U.S., English claim) New Mexico territory (owned by Mexico) California (owned by Mexico)
5
Territorial Expansion by the Mid-Nineteenth Century
6
The Texas Revolution ► 1821--Mexican Independence ► Implications—CA and TX Emancipate Indians Rancheros Empresarios ► Stephen F. Austin 1820s 300 Families ► Issues "Anglos" never fully accept Mexican rule 1829--Slavery abolished 1834--Santa Anna--Dictator 1835--armed rebellion
7
Texas Independence ► Garrison at Anahuac June, 1835 William B. Travis ► Gonzales October, 1835 ► San Antonio Siege Stephen Austin ► Independence Declared March 2, 1836 Republic of Texas
8
Texas Independence ► The Alamo Santa Anna William Travis San Antonio Feb. 23 – Mar. 6, 1836 ► “Remember the Alamo” ► Goliad 350 Texans executed ► San Jacinto General Sam Houston April 21, 1836
9
The Republic of Texas ► April, 1836--Santa Anna defeated ► May, 1836--Santa Anna’s treaty recognizes Texas' claim to territory (Mexico repudiates) ► Texas offers free land grants to U.S. settlers ► Annexation to U.S. refused by Jackson
10
Texas Revolution
11
Trails of Trade and Settlement ► Santa Fe Trail closed to U.S. travelers as a result of Mexico’s war with Texas ► Oregon Trail conduit for heavy stream of settlers to the Oregon country ► Oregon settlers demand an end to joint U.S., English occupation
12
The Mormon Trek: Westward Flight ► Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints Joseph Smith, 1830 Revival of pure aboriginal American Christianity ► Mormons persecution Flee New York for Nauvoo, Illinois Murder of Joseph Smith Brigham Young Resettlement to Great Salt Lake in Utah
13
Western Trails
14
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War ► Widespread call for annexation of newly- settled lands ► “Manifest Destiny” a slogan of those believing the U.S. divinely ordained to encompass Mexico and Canada
15
Tyler and Texas ► 1841--John Tyler assumes presidency after William Henry Harrison’s death ► Tyler breaks with Whigs ► 1844--Tyler negotiates annexation with Texas for re-election campaign issue ► Senate refuses to ratify ► Tyler loses Whig nomination to Henry Clay
16
The Triumph of Polk and Annexation ► Democratic nomination James K. Polk Expansionist platform ► Annexation of Texas for Southern vote ► U.S. jurisdiction of Oregon for Northern vote ► Polk, Congress interpret his election as mandate for expansion ► Texas annexed before Polk inaugurated
17
Election of 1844
19
The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny ► "Manifest destiny”--1845 U.S., His chosen nation, to become stronger Americans make new territories free and democratic growing American population needs land ► Limits to American expansion undefined John L. O’Sullivan
20
Polk and the Oregon Question ► 1846--Polk to Great Britain U.S. no more joint occupation England prepares for war, proposes division of the area ► Treaty of 1846 Senate approves division of Oregon along 49 o north U.S. gains Puget Sound ► North condemned Polk “54 o 40’ or Fight” Attention to Mexico Pro-Slavery Focus?
21
Northwest Boundary Dispute
22
Expanding South & West: Mexico ► Republic of Texas Disputed land claims Between Nueces & Rio Grande Rivers ► Texas annexed-- disputed land claimed Mexico breaks relations Polk alerts troops Polk sends John Slidell ► 1846 Gen. Zachary Taylor sent into disputed land
23
War with Mexico ► May 13, 1846 Gen. Zachary Taylor success in north Mexico Colonel Stephen Kearney ► capture New Mexico ► Joins John C. Frémont in taking California early 1847 ► September, 1847 General Winfield Scott occupies Mexico City
24
Settlement of the Mexican-American War ► Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo February, 1848 Rio Grande southern border New Mexico & California ceded to U.S. $15,000,000 payment ► Mexican War politically contentious Whigs oppose Slave Power expansion
25
The Mexican-American War
26
Internal Expansionism ► “Young Americans” link territorial growth to other material achievements Telegraph—Samuel Morse transportation improvements growth of trade mass immigration ► Discovery of California gold inspires transcontinental projects ► Territorial expansion wanes after 1848 ► Economic, population growth continues
27
The Triumph of the Railroad ► 1840s--railroad begins displacing canals ► Rail construction stimulates iron industry ► Railroads stimulate new forms of finance bonds preferred stock government subsidies
28
Railroads, 1850 and 1860
29
The Industrial Revolution Takes Off ► Mass production Division of labor Production more efficient ► Factory system emerges gather laborers in one place cash wages “continuous process" ► Agriculture mechanized ► Northern economy based on interaction of industry, transportation, agriculture
31
Mass Immigration Begins ► 1840-1860 4 million Irish, Germans immigrate to U.S. Most come for higher wages Immigrants fill low- paying jobs in port cities Irish influx--1845-54 ► Low immigrant wages Contribute to slums Urban reform movement results
32
Immigration to the United States, 1820-1860
33
The New Working Class ► 1840s--factory labor shifting from women, children to men Immigrants dominate new working class Employers less involved with laborers ► Post-1837 more work for less pay Unions organized Increasing immigration
34
The Costs of Expansion ► Working class poses problem for ideals working for wages assumed the first step toward becoming one’s own master new class of permanent wage-earners conflicts with old ideal ► Economic expansion creates conflicts between classes ► Territorial expansion creates conflicts between sections ► Conflicts increasingly uncontrollable
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.