1. Specifiers! The notion of subject

2. Specifier = Subject u By creating DP, we got rid of our only example of a specifier. u So do we need the notion specifier? u Yes: we are going to use it for subjects

3. Specifier = Subject u We’ve already seen two examples of subjects being in specifiers: u The subject of a clause is in the specifier of TP u The possessor of an ’s genitive is in the spec of DP. u Are there other examples?

4. Small Clauses u I consider [Peter a fool] u I consider [Peter foolish] u I want [Peter in the play]

5. Small Clauses u Small clauses are characterized by having no verbal inflection (in fact they aren’t verbs), so they have no TP and no CP. u If there is no TP, where does the subject of the small clause go? In the specifier of the predicate!

6. CP C’ C TP Ø DP T’ Bill T VP -s V’ V DP consider DP D’ D NP fool Peter a Small Clause Small clause subject

7. CP C’ C TP Ø DP T’ Bill T VP -s V’ V AP consider DP A’ A Peter Small Clause Small clause subject foolish

8. CP C’ C TP Ø DP T’ Bill T VP -s V’ V PP want DP P’ P DP the play Peter in Small Clause Small clause subject

9. Summary u Specifiers are now limited to subjects (of any category) u Small clauses are clauses without inflection, and ones without a verbal predicate u The subject of small clauses resides in the specifier of the predicate’s phrase.