1. HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING Dr. Mayez Al-Mouhamed Professor, Computer Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

2. Content  Why do we need powerful computers?  HPC: Modeling Difficult Problems  HPC Can Deliver Complex Solutions  HPC: One Super Processor!  Parallel Architecture  Parallel Programming  HPC: Example of Petroleum Reservoir Simulation  Data Parallel Organization and Gridding  Probabilistic Region Labeling  Integrating 3D Data for Optimized Well Engineering  Simulating Reservoir on HPC: Efficient Well Engineering!  Conclusion

3. Traditional engineering paradigm  Do theory or paper design.  Perform experiments or build system. Limitations – Too difficult – Too expensive – Too slow – Too dangerous Computational science paradigm  Use HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS to simulate the phenomenon. Based on known physical laws and efficient numerical methods. Why do we need powerful computers?

4. HPC: Modeling Difficult Problems Bioscience, Biotechnology, Genetics 3 billion Nucleotides in human genome: disease causing genes Geology, Seismology Seismological simulation (reservoir) to locate undiscovered petroleum reserves Chemistry, Molecular Sciences (Comp. Fluid Dynamics, Pharmaceutical, Thermoplastic and Rubber, Catalysts for Chemical and Petrochemical) Physics - applied, nuclear, particle, condensed matter, high pressure, fusion, etc. Etc. Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

5. 5 HPC Can deliver Complex Solutions Computational Materials: Simulation of materials microstructures http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Research/CMI/index.asp http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Research/CMI/index.asp Computational Biology and Bioinformatics: protein folding; drug design http://cbsu.tc.cornell.edu/index.htm Computational Genomics: DNA genome sequence http://www.genomics.cornell.edu/focus_areas/c omputational/ Financial and economic modeling: planning, forecasting, computational solution http://www.ctc manhattan.com/Research/index.asp

6. The Speed-of-Light Argument The speed of light is about 30 cm/ns. Signals travel at a fraction of speed of light (say, 1/3). If signals must travel 1 cm during the execution of an instruction, that instruction will take at least 0.1 ns; thus, performance will be limited to 10 GIPS. This limitation is eased by continued miniaturization, architectural methods such as cache memory, etc. One Super Processor! No: A fundamental limit does exist. Solution: A High-performance Computer is a collection of processors that cooperate to solve large problems fast HPC: One Super Processor!

7. 7 Parallel Architecture Definition: A parallel computer is a collection of processors that cooperate to solve large problems fast (Almasi and Gottlieb 1989) Sophomore: COE 205 Computer Organization Junior: COE 308 Computer Architecture Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

8. 8 Parallel Programming What is Parallel Programming: A sequential program can be transformed to a parallel program, which can run on a parallel Computer, by using some parallel programming language or parallel constructs as extension to a programming language. Senior: COE 420 Parallel Computing MSC: COE 502 Parallel Architectures PHD: CSE 661 Parallel and Vector Architectures Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

9. How Parallel Processors Cooperate! SHARING-MEMORY MESSAGE-PASSING Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

10. HPC: Example of Petroleum Reservoir Simulation Integration of data from all sources (wells, cores, seismic, outcrops, well tests, etc.) Khalid Aziz Engineering Resources

11. Data Parallel Organization and Gridding Solve reservoir equations at each grid point: Fluid Dynamics Thermodynamics Overwhelming amount of data!

12. Probabilistic Region Labeling Colored 3D structure: water (bleu), rocks, sands (Green), gazes (yellow), oil (red). Gurpinar, 2001

13. Integrating 3D Data for Optimized Well Engineering OGJ Khalid Aziz Engineering Resources

14. El Shargi field, Occidental (Khalid Aziz Engineering Resources) Simulating Reservoir on HPC: Efficient Well Engineering!

15. Conclusion High-Performance Computing (HPC) enables KSA to analyze and develop complex solutions for the Discovery/Utilization of Petroleum Reserves and for its Financial and Economic Planning in short time. Where HPC jobs are located in KSA! Saudi Aramco: High Performance Computing and Cloud Technologies, all kind of geosciences simulations Saudi Aramco: High Performance Computing and Cloud Technologies, all kind of geosciences simulations KAUST (Shaheen HPC): Saudi Arabia is building a supercomputer (with IBM) that could rank among the 10 most powerful systems in the world. KAUST (Shaheen HPC: Saudi Arabia is building a supercomputer (with IBM) that could rank among the 10 most powerful systems in the world. KACST ISU - NIXU (Riyadh, Jeddah, Al Khobar, Dammam ): IBM and KACST are developing a plant using High Performance Computing, advanced analytics and visualisation KACST ISU - NIXU (Riyadh, Jeddah, Al Khobar, Dammam ): IBM and KACST are developing a plant using High Performance Computing, advanced analytics and visualisation Saudi Business Machines: Experience in IBM clustering technology (High Performance Computing-CSM/xCAT). Experience in GPFS implementations and configuration in HPC Env. Saudi Business Machines: Experience in IBM clustering technology (High Performance Computing-CSM/xCAT). Experience in GPFS implementations and configuration in HPC Env. Saudi High Performance Computing (SHPC) Microsoft: HPC and Cloud Computing, Windows High Performance Computing SABIC: SABIC - HPC in the Cloud, catalysts for chemical and petrochemical industries, thermoplastic industry and Rubber. SABIC: SABIC - HPC in the Cloud, catalysts for chemical and petrochemical industries, thermoplastic industry and Rubber. Oracle Developer Jobs In Riyadh KFUPM (IBM 1350 Cluster, Tesla GPUs with CUDA) KSA Ministry of Communication and Defense: Juniper Networks Enables Saudi Arabia Ministry of Communications & IT to Deliver Unified e-Government Program KSA Ministry of Communication and Defense Juniper Networks Enables Saudi Arabia Ministry of Communications & IT to Deliver Unified e-Government Program Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia Etc.

16. Thank you