1. New York’s WMD CSTs: DoD’s First Responders Enhanced Effectiveness & Relevancy?

2. Thesis Statement The State of New York’s two WMD CSTs; the 2 nd WMD CST and the 24 th WMD CST, as a whole, have enhanced their effectiveness and relevancy in supporting the state’s civil authorities in response to a WMD related (or potential WMD related) event resulting in improved overall protection.

3. Outline Birth of WMD CST What is a WMD CST? – Mission Set – WMD CST Organization Chart & Capabilities – WMD CST Request & Notification Process Supporting Thesis Statement – 2nd and 24th WMD CSTs – Capacity – Response Conclusion

4. Birth of the WMD CST Cold War Ends (1991) WMD Defined as “CBRNE” WMD Terrorism History – 1993 WTC Bombing – 7 deaths, 1000+ casualties – 1995 Tokyo, Japan, Sarin Gas Release – 12 deaths, 6000+ casualties – 1995 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Federal Building – 168 deaths Clinton Administration Emergency Management Response – 1995: PDD 39, “US Policy on Counter-Terrorism” – 1997: Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Amendment to NDAA – 1998: PDD 62, “Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the Homeland and Americans Overseas” 1998 birth of the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Civil Support Team (CST), In 2001 first 10 teams certified (each FEMA Region)  today, 57 teams

5. Medical Support PA (O-4) Med Ops Off (O-3) Analytical Team WMD Science Off (O-3) Med NCO (E-7) Analytical Lab System Sample Testing What is a WMD CST? Command Section Operations Section Communications Section Administration / Logistics Section Medical / Analytical Section Survey Section Team Command Survey Tm Leader (O-3) Survey Ops NCO (E-7) Team A Asst Survey Modeling NCO (E-6) Survey NCO (E-5) Team B Asst Survey Modeling NCO (E-6) Survey NCO (E-5) Comms Chief (E-7) Info Sys Op (E-7) Unified Command Suite NIMS Capable Logistics NCO (E-7) Admin NCO (E-7) Ops Officer (O-3) Modeling NCO (E-7) Training NCO (E-6) Maintain SA & COP Commanding Officer (O-5) Deputy Commanding Officer (O-4) First Sergeant (E-8) Note: NCO – Non-commissioned Officer (enlisted) Mission Statement Set Support Domestic Civil Authorities in: Identifying CBRNE Agents Assessing Consequences Advising Response Measures Assisting with Follow-on State and Federal Resources

6. Confirmation WARNO Yes/No Request NYC Incident Commanders / Emergency Responders OEM Executive Staff OEM Watch Command SEMO Warming Point SEMO Director Warming Point NYS Governor’s OfficeDepartment of Military & Naval Affairs (NY National Guard – TAG) 24 th WMD CST Local Incident Commanders / Emergency Responders County OEM Regional SEMO Office (during normal business hours) SEMO Director Warming Point NYS Governor’s OfficeDepartment of Military & Naval Affairs (NY National Guard – TAG) 24 th WMD CST After Business Hours Request WMD CST Request & Notification Process

7. Supporting Thesis Statement (Capacity) Organizational & StaffingAdaptive Training & Resources Relationships & TrustSenior Leadership Support Type 1 “Existing” DRC Typology 24 th WMD CST: Internal re-organization survey team Adaptive improvisation (Credentialing) Quasi-emergence group at structure level (as cited in Wachtendorf, 2004) 50% greater capability Type 1 “Existing” DRC Typology 24 th WMD CST: “Cross Training” Concept “Bump Plan” Adaptive & reproductive improvisation Quasi-emergence group at task level (as cited in Wachtendorf, 2004) Allows greater flexibility for changing priorities Advance Party a priority for deployment Defined as mutual affiliation or connection; common interest Defined as confidence of certainty; a major objective of relationship building Quote from John Scrivani (NYC OEM) Quote from Captain D’Avolio (FDNY HAZMAT Company 1) 2 nd WMD CST: September 11, 2001 Anthrax bio-terrorism Reputation continues in new AO Marketing and advertisement Legitimate and expert power to influence 2 nd WMD CST: Quote from then NY TAG, MG Maguire immediately after 9-11 (Fanning, 2001) 24 th & 2 nd WMD CST: Quote from Gen McKinley (Chief NGB) (Mendie, 2010)

8. Supporting Thesis Statement (Response) 24 th WMD CST Stationing Plan30-Minute Home-to-Work Informal Line of Communication 24 th WMD CST AO NYC / LI NYC high priority terrorist target NYC reduced HAZMAT capability after 9-11 On Ft Hamilton in Brooklyn, NY Improved response capability Leveraged various governmental stakeholders support 2d WMD CST AO assigned primarily to rest of NY 2 nd and 24 th WMD CST Leverages relationship building and trust Originator of request directly to WMD CST Initiated at same time as formal line of communication Pre-deployment activities start earlier, thus actual deployment is earlier 2 nd and 24 th WMD CST Requires members to live within 30 minutes of work Example, LTC Hietala maintained second residence on Ft Hamilton while in command Improved response capability Illustrates commitment and importance to peers WMD CST still must wait for formal notification prior to actual deployment

9. Conclusion The State of New York’s two WMD CSTs; the 2 nd WMD CST and the 24 th WMD CST, as a whole, have “absolutely” enhanced their effectiveness and relevancy in supporting the state’s civil authorities in response to a WMD related (or potential WMD related) event resulting in improved overall protection.