1. ELECTRONIC STICK FOR BLIND PEOPLE
Submitted By N. Jayaprakash
Under guidance of
V. Anusha
Asst. Professor
Internal guide
D. Sudhakar
Asst. Professor
Co- ordinate

2. INTRODUCTION
The main aim of this project is to detect the obstacle in front of the electronic stick and giving the alarm
This will assist the blind persons during the walk and provides an alarm if any hurdle is detected with-In the set range
This system mainly consists of a regulated power supply, IR transmitter, IR receiver, control circuit and the output driver circuit
The IR sensor detects the presence of an obstacle in front of the person

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT
Battery
Regulated
Supply
Control
Circuit
Buzzer
Sensor
circuit
Block diagram of project

4. MAJOR COMPONENTS INFORMATION
Integrated Circuit 555
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
TSOP 1738 IR receiver
Comparator
Voltage Regulator

5. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 555 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VCC DISCHARGE THRESHOLD
CONTROL VOLTAGE
RESET
OUTPUT
TRIGGER
GND IC
555
Pin diagram of IC 555
Block schematic of IC555

6. LIGHT EMITTING DIOD
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the pn-junction
Parts of a LED

7. TSOP 1738 IR RECEIVER This Tsop 1738 work as reciever
Receives modulated infrared signal and converts into electrical signal.
If IR LED (reciever) detects any hurdle in between of its line of sight communication then voltage across its output get low.
If IR LED (reciever) does not detect any hurdle in the way of its line of sight communication then voltage across it remains high.

8. BUZZER

9. COMPARATOR In our project we have used IC LM319
The LM319 is a dual high speed voltage comparator designed to operate from a single + 5V supply up to ±15V dual supplies
All pins of any unused comparators should be tied to the negative supply.  
The LM319 series are high gain, wide bandwidth

10. CIRCUIT DESIGN AND OPERATION
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT 1 2 3
vcc
230V AC
7805
IN4007 2K
47µF
100µF

11. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND ITS OPERATION1 2 3
vcc
230V AC
LM7805
IN4007 2K
47µF
100µF 7 6 2 1 5 4 8 3
IC 555
vcc A
547
10nF
100E
220E
1K5 1 2 3
vcc
TSOP
O/P
470E
100µF 4 5 3 8 6 10 12 11
TSOP
O/P
vcc
Buzzer IC
319
10K

12. ADVANTAGES
Multiplexers are used to sense obstacles in different directions simultaneously. This means, the blind person might receive different signals on obstacles in different directions around him.
The moisture sensing electrodes sense the moist soil or stagnant water. This can be especially helpful during the rainy season. It also contains micro-switches, to detect manholes.

13. FUTURE SCOPE
Technology created reading machines, talking books, and computers that translate Braille.
Communications technologies were easier to invent and consequently were brought to market
Technologies available for blind navigation are insufficiently developed, adapted, and marketed.

14. CONCLUSIONS
Electronic walking stick for blind people helps the blind people when the obstacle occurs at in front the person.
The stick gives signal to the person by buzzer sound or vibration when it detects the obstacle.
Without the help of any other person the blind people can walk easily.

15. Regulator Rectifier BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY 5V DC 230V AC
Transformer
Rectifier
Filter
Regulator
Block diagram of power supply

16. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 555
IC555 timer IC along with Infra red LED which is going to transmit signal
This IC consists of two comparators that drive the set(S) and reset(R) terminals of a flip flop.
The Q output is available as the overall output. Q' drives the discharge transistor
The reference voltage of comparator 1 is fixed at (2/3)V+ and that of comparator 2 is fixed at (1/3)V+.