1. The Continuing Cold War
Chapter 26 Section 4
The Continuing Cold War

2. Joseph McCarthy Senator from Wisconsin
Warned of a Communist infestation in the U.S. Government
Claimed that as many as 205 communist spies were working for the Secretary of State
Sparked anti-communist hysteria
Accused of being opportunistic, a bully, and a liar
Senate formally condemns him for being reckless
Villlianized
Textbooks destroy him, but remember… Alger Hiss was a communist spy…working for the state department… The Rosenbergs were just found guilty of spying The Soviets just built the atomic and hydrogen bombs with information obtained by spies Is it possible he was on to something? Note: Letters released by the former Soviet Union in 1995 support many of McCarthy’s claims

3. Joseph McCarthy Something else to keep in mind…
McCarthy was a member of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
Their job was to investigate the federal government

4. Venona Project Alger Hiss-State department
Harry Dexter White- Asst. Sec of Treatury
Lauchin Currie-Personal assistant to FDR
Laurence Duggan-head of the Latin American desk at the State Department
Frank Coe- U.S. representative on the IMF
Solomon Adler- Senior Treasury department official
Klaus Fuchs- Top atomic scientist
Duncan Lee- Senior aid to the head of the OSS
Released in 1995
Top secret document that exposed Communist spies in the U.S.
Made public after the collapse of the Soviet Union

5. McCarthyism
Making accusations against others that can not be proven or supported
It is said McCarthy never found any spies
T.A. Bisson
Mary Jane Keeney
Cedric Belfrage
Solomon Adler
Franz Neumann
Leonard Mins
Gustavo Duran
William Remington

6. Cold War in Asia 1953- Eisenhower brings the Korean War to an end
With Stalin dead, and new, more moderate leaders in the Soviet Union, a solution was more easily achieved
U.S. begins to aid France in recovering their lost colony in Vietnam
Vietnam eventually separated, and the U.S. aids the non-communist South

7. Cold War in The Middle East
Israel created in 1948 in Palestine with help of the UN
Arab assaulted the new nation and their UN allies
Saw the territory as theirs
The U.S. supported Israel, while the Soviets generally supported the Arabs

8. Cold War in the Middle East
U.S. backed groups that overthrew a nationalistic, communist-sympathizing leader in Iran in exchange for a pro-American Shah of Iran

9. Cold War in the Middle East
Suez Crisis
U.S. wanted to help Egypt build a large dam along the Nile River
Turns out the Egyptian President, Gamal Nasser was also seeking Soviet Support
U.S. cut off aid
Egypt closes British-owned Suez Cana as a response
Vital for trade
Britain, France, and Egypt attack Egypt to open canal
Soviets threaten Western Europe
Eisenhower urges NATO allies to withdraw from Egypt
Canal opened back up
But under Egyptian control

10. Eisenhower Doctrine
The United States would aid any Middle eastern nation being threatened by Communism.

11. Cold War in Latin America
Supported pro-American governments in Latin America
Suppressed Communist influences
1947 Rio Pact with 18 Western Hemisphere nations as a regional defense alliance
1948- Formed Organization of American States to increase cooperation in the hemisphere
1954- U.S. backed rebels overthrow govmt. of Guatemala due to perceived Communistic sympathies

12. Arms Race Struggle to gain weapons superiority
Most dangerous aspect of the Cold War

13. Deterrence
The policy of making the military power of the U.S. and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack for fear of retaliation
U.S. conducted 19 hydrogen bomb tests between 1954 and 1958

14. Brinkmanship
The willingness to go to the edge of war for the purpose of maintaining peace.
Used a great deal by the Eisenhower Administration

15. How did the policy of deterrence influence U. S
How did the policy of deterrence influence U.S. actions during the Cold War?
It allowed U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to use brinkmanship as a strategy
Put the U.S. in diplomatic positions where threatening to apply military force presented the danger of starting a war

16. ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Long range rockets
Mastered by the Soviets
The U.S. initially lagged behind in their development

17. Sputnik The world’s first artificial satellite in Earth’s orbit
The realization that the rocket used to launch Sputnik could carry a hydrogen bomb to American shores added to American shock and fear.

18. U-2 Incident American spy plane shot down in Soviet territory.
Eisenhower lied about what it actually was…but the Soviets had the wreckage…and the pilot…alive…whoops
Ends Eisenhower’s effectiveness as a peacemaker by angering new Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev

19. How did Sputnik and the U-2 incident affect American public opinion and policy?