1. Stephen Hu Deployment Vehicle Selection Helicopter Design Hours Worked: 102 1 Team Member Stephen Hu

2. Helicopter Design 2 Introduction General Characteristics Constraints Deployment Conclusions Recommendations 2Stephen Hu

3. Introduction 1.Investigation of the surface and lakes of Titan 2.VTOL capability 3.Dependable performance in hostile environments 4.Able to last four months under constant operation 3Stephen Hu

4. Constraints Environment – Cryogenic Conditions Icing occurs above 10 km (around T~91 K) – Wind: 0-10 m/s – Solar Energy: Minimal - None – Atmospheric Density: 5.44 kg/m 3 Volume/Storage – Diameter of Heat Shield: 3.75 m – Airship Storage Stephen Hu4

5. 5 Type: Coaxial Airfoil: NACA 0012 Helicopter Characteristics

6. Deployment 6Stephen Hu

7. Blade Radius vs. Power Required 7Stephen Hu

8. Forward Velocity vs. Power Required 8Stephen Hu

9. Altitude Ceiling Stephen Hu9

10. 10 Characteristics/PerformanceExpectedMaximum Expected Mass Total Mass (kg)*155.4186.5 Payload Mass (kg)21.6025.92 Rotor Radius (m)1.34 1.41 Main Blade Chord (m)0.089 0.094 Fuselage Length (m)2.56 Fuselage Height (m)0.77 Total Height (m)1.0 Total Width (m)0.8 Max Climb Rate (m/s)1.94 0.965 Spin-up Time (s)16.7 19.43 Max Cruise Velocity (m/s)7.51 7.00 Optimal Cruise Velocity (m/s)3.24 3.54 Range (km)*183.7/100 176.1/100 Altitude (km)*12.6/10 8.47 Conclusions Stephen Hu

11. Characteristics /Performance Georgia Tech Helicopter NASA AirshipDesigned Combination (Max. Mass) Total Mass (kg)318.8 Max Cruise Velocity (m/s) 4 7.00/ Optimal Cruise Velocity (m/s) 2.8 3.54/ Max Climb Rate (m/s) 4 Range (km)* 100 Altitude (km)* 10

12. Recommendations More in-depth aerodynamic design Materials Payload Deployment 12Stephen Hu

13. References 1."The Vertical Profile of Winds on Titan." www.nature.com. 8 Dec. 2005. Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science.. 2.Wright, Henry S. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle. Georgia Institute of Technology.. 3.Leishman, Gordon. Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge UP, 2006. 4.Prouty, Raymond W. Helicopter Aerodynamics. 2nd ed. Peioria, ILL: PJS Publications, 1985. 5.Lorenz, R. D. "Flexibility for Titan Exploration: The Titan Helicopter." Innovative Approaches to Outer Planetary Exploration 2001-2020. Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, Az.. 6.Young, Larry A. "Vertical Lift - Not Just for Terrestrial Flight." Www.Nasa.gov. Army/NASA RotorCraft Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.. 7.Lorenz, Ralph D. "Post-Cassini Exploration of Titan: Science Rationale and Mission Concepts." University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, Az.. 13Stephen Hu

14. Mass and Power Constraints 14Stephen Hu