2. The GQM – can you see the pattern? Andy Griffiths Dr. Becky Milne University of Portsmouth United Kingdom

3. The use of questions Accurate information ‘lifeblood of investigation’ (Stewart, 1985) Negative effect of inappropriate questions established (Loftus &Palmer, 1974) Previous research has ‘scored’ types of questions only Appropriate question strategy is vital

4. Types of question OpenProbing Appropriate yes/no Inappropriate yes/no LeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion /statement

5. GQM OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion St. Time

6. GQM OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion St. Time Each line allocated to question type e.g. ‘open’

7. GQM OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion St. Time Top 3 lines are appropriate questions Bottom 5 lines are inappropriate questions

8. GQM OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion St. Time As each question is asked it is plotted onto the correct line building the ‘question map’

9. GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 21601027201 Time

10. GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 21601027201 Time 121 questions = 45 minute interview, majority ‘probing’ (3>1)

11. GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 21601027201 Time Sequence - open, probe (3), app closed, probe, open, probe(3) etc

12. GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 21601027201 Time Majority productive but 27 ‘inappropriate closed’= training need

13. GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 2546500000 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21

14. GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 2546500000 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 Question ratio 2>1 (probing /open)

15. GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 2546500000 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 No inappropriate questions

16. GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 2546500000 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 Sequence - open, probing, app closed, probing(3), open, probing(3), open etc

17. GQM – MURDER 2TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 1148900000 21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41 Topic – open, probe, app closed, probe, app closed, probe(6), app closed, probe(3) etc

18. GQM – MURDER 2TimeOpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 1148900000 21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41 Topic question ratio 13>1 (probing/open)

19. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 7331233177410

20. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 11331233177410 Question ratio - 3>1 probing/open but 3>1 leading/open and 71/121 inappropriate

21. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 11331233177410 Random pattern

22. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 11331233177410 Accuses suspect

23. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 11331233177410 ‘I’ve interviewed this girl and she’s telling the truth’

24. GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT OpenProbingApp.ClosedInapp.ClosedLeadingMultiple Forced choice Opinion Stmt 11331233177410 5/11 open questions after accusing the suspect

25. Conclusions Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation

26. Conclusions Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question

27. Conclusions Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question type

28. Conclusions Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question type The GQM identifies patterns of questions associated with both productive and unproductive interviews The GQM identifies patterns of questions associated with both productive and unproductive interviews

29. The GQM – can you see the pattern? Contact details - andrew.griffiths@sussex.pnn.police.uk becky.milne@port.ac.uk