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Published byAyla Sheldrick Modified over 10 years ago
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The Excretory System
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Proper functioning kidneys are essential for the body to maintain equilibrium Sometimes diseases/disorders impair the function of the kidneys Many kidney disorders can be diagnosed by analyzing a blood and urine sample
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Use pages 387-388 to describe the cause and effect of the following diseases/ disorders: 1. Diabetes Mellitus 2. Diabetes Insipidus 3. Bright’s Disease 4. Kidney Stones
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Caused by: inadequate insulin secretion from islet cells The result is: high glucose levels in blood high glucose levels in the filtrate causes less re- absorption of H 2 0 Symptom: large volumes of sugary urine are voided
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Caused by: destruction of hypothalamus cells, tumor or of the nerves that lead to the pituitary gland The result is: No ADH is released Symptom: large volumes of dilute urine are voided
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Many causes (E.g. hypertension ) The result: Blood vessels in the glomerulus become destroyed (or inflamed) Glomerulus becomes permeable to plasma proteins (and blood cells) … drawing H 2 O into the nephron You can’t reabsorb these large solutes Symptom: Void large volumes of urine which contains proteins or blood cells
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are caused by the precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood There are two types: Acidic Alkaline They can lodge in the renal pelvis or urethra tarring tissues
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A type of technology that uses shock waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces These smaller stones can then be voided Note: If the stones are too big = surgery
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Is needed for people whose kidneys no longer function There are two types of Dialysis Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis the best option is a kidney transplant
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A dialysis machine mimics the action of the nephron The only function that a dialysis machine can not do is ACTIVE TRANSPORT! A person has a surgical procedure to connect the circulatory system to the machine Blood is pumped through a series of tubes
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One of these tubes enter the machine and is bathed in dialysis fluid
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dialysis tubing is semipermeable…. large solutes won’t pass through but small solutes can (glucose, urea, H +, uric acid, K +, electrolytes etc.)
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Glucose and a mixture of salts sets up a concentration gradient. urea diffuses from the tube into the dialysis fluid the “filtered” blood is returned to the body By continually flushing this fluid and replacing it… urea is removed along with other wastes
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Is done through the lining of the abdominal cavity called the peritoneal membrane A catheter is inserted in the abdomen and 2L of Dialysate (a solution) is pumped into the abdominal cavity The Dialysate remains in the abdomen cavity for 4 to 6 hours (The membranes in the cavity filter wastes )
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Wastes diffuse into the fluid The fluid is then drained using the catheter. The process is repeated until the blood is clean.
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Involves placing a new kidney and the ureter near the groin Old kidneys are not usually removed Sometimes dialysis will be needed until the new kidney can fully function
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Read: Xenotransplants Page 391 Write: What are the pros and cons of this type of technology
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Page 392, #’s 1-10 Page 396, #’s 1-21
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