1. Urinary System Test Review
Medical Terminology

2. Structure and Function
Parts of the Kidney
Structure and Function
kidney
medulla
Parts of the kidneys
Cortex
-outer protective portion
hilum
Medulla
-inner soft portion
cortex
Hilum
-a depression located in the middle of the concave side of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters enter and exit the kidneys

3. Structure and Function
The ureter (ureter/o), carries urine (urin/o) from the kidney (ren/o, nephro/o) to the urinary bladder (cyst/o).
A person feels the urge to urinate (-uria) when the bladder has 1 cup of urine (urin/o)

4. Structure and Function
Flow of Urine
Flow of Urine
Nephron
glomerulus
Renal artery
renal tubules
Renal vein
Ureter
renal pelvis
Renal medulla
Renal capsule
Renal cortex
renal calices
Filtered blood exits the kidneys via the renal vein.
ureters
The renal tubules carry urine to ducts in the renal cortex.

5. Structure and Function
Urine Flow
Blood Flow
Glomeruli
Blood flows through the glomerulus at a constant rate.
Each glomerulus is surrounded by a capsule known as Bowman’s capsule.
Blood then passes into the renal tubules where some substances are reabsorbed and the remaining become urine.

6. Structure and Function
There are more than 1 million nephrons in each kidney (nephr/o, ren/o).
Urine is produced by filtration of:
water
salts
sugar
urea
creatine
uric acid

7. Terms and Meanings Anuria: An without -uria urination
Anuria means without urine
Dysuria: Dys difficult/painful
-uria urine/urination

8. Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Meaning
cali(o)
cyst(o)
glomerul(o)
meato
nephr(o)
pyel(o)
ren(o)
Calix, cup like structure
bladder
glomerulus
Meatus, opening
kidney
renal pelvis
kidney

9. Combining Forms [trigon(o)]
Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Meaning
Combining Forms
trigone
trigon(o)
urin(o)
ureter(o)
urethr(o)
vesic(o)
urine
ureter
urethra
bladder

10. Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Combining Forms [ADH]
Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Meaning
Abbreviation
ADH
A/G
AGN
ARF
ATN
BNO
BUN
antidiuretic hormone
albumin/globulin
acute glomerulonephritis
acute renal failure
acute tubular nephrosis
bladder neck obstruction
blood urea nitrogen

11. Combining Forms [CAPD]
Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Meaning
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAPD
Cath Cl
CRF
cysto
ESRD
ESWL
catheter
chlorine
chronic renal failure
cystoscopy
end-stage renal disease
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

12. Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Combining Forms [HD]
Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Meaning
Abbreviation HD
IVP K+
KUB
Na+ pH
PKU
hemodialysis
intravenous pyelogram
potassium
kidney, ureter, bladder
sodium
power of hydrogen concentration
phenylketonuria

13. Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Combining Forms [RP]
Combining Forms and Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Meaning RP SG UA
UTI
VCU
retrograde pyelogram
specific gravity
urinalysis
urinary tract infection
voiding cystourethrogram

14. Diagnostic, Procedural and
Laboratory Terms
Blood Tests
Blood Tests
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine Clearance Test
The presence of high amounts of urea or creatinine in the blood shows that the kidney is not properly filtering these substances.

15. Diagnostic, Procedural and
Laboratory Terms
Imaging Tests
Imaging Tests
Cystoscopy
-tubular instrument used to examine the bladder
Intravenous Pyelogram
-x-rays of the urinary tract after a contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream
KUB
-x-ray of three parts of the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, and bladder)
Renal Scan
-radioactive imaging used to diagnose kidney disorders

16. Urinary Tract Procedures
Diagnostic, Procedural and
Laboratory Terms
Dialysis solution
Urinary Tract Procedures
Dialysis
Hemodialysis
-the process of filtering blood outside the body in an artificial kidney machine that returns the blood back to the body after filtering.
Peritoneal dialysis (pictured)
-the insertion and removal of a dialysis solution into the peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneal cavity
Solution draining out
Catheter
Drained solution

17. Inflammatory & Infectious Disorders
Pathological Terms
Urinary Tract Infection
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammatory
&
Infectious Disorders
Nephritis
Nephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Polycystic kidney disease
Cystitis
Nephroblastoma

18. Pathological Terms Pathological Terms anuresis polyuria
Terms Used to Describe Difficulties in Urination
anuresis
polyuria
No urinary output
Excessive urination
incontinence
dysuria
Involuntary discharge of urine or feces
Painful urination
enuresis
oliguria
Lack of bladder control
Scanty urination

19. Surgical Terms Surgical Terms Nephrectomy- removal of a kidney
Parts of the urinary system may be surgically removed
Nephrectomy- removal of a kidney
Ureterectomy- removal of a ureter
Cystectomy- removal of the bladder
Surgical repair procedures
Pyeloplasty- repair of the renal pelvis
Cystoplasty- repair of the bladder
Urethroplasty- repair of the urethra
A urostomy is the creation of an artificial opening in the abdomen through which urine exits the body.

20. Other Surgical Procedures
Surgical Terms
Other Surgical Procedures
Other Surgical Procedures
Nephrolysis
Removal of an adhesion in the kidney
Nephrolithotomy
Removal of a kidney stone
Nephropexy
Surgical fixation of the kidney
Nephrorrhaphy
Suturing of a damaged kidney