1. Related material to renal diseases Dr. May Hamdan 1 st course 2013/2014

2. FACT: Dialysis leads to decreased urine output Due to the following factors:  Firstly, dialysis is an artificial kidney which can help us purify blood outside our body. When wastes are discharged with dialysis, there are less in our blood and consequently, kidneys do not need to produce much more urine to discharge wastes.  Secondly, dialysis can not repair damaged kidney tissues and also more and more kidney tissues lose their working ability over time. Consequently, decreased urine output condition occurs.  Thirdly aside from it, factors like strictly fluid limitation and vomiting also contributes to decreased urine output directly. Prepared by Dr. May Hamdan2

3. How does peritoneal dialysis work? A soft tube, called a catheter, is placed in the belly. This is done by minor surgery. This catheter makes it possible to easily connect to a special tubing which allows two to three quarts of a cleansing fluid to flow into the belly. (Each quarts equal to 4 cups) The cleansing fluid is called dialysate. It takes about 10 minutes for the dialysate to fill the belly. When the filling is done, the catheter is capped so that it doesn't leak. Prepared by Dr. May Hamdan3

4. The lining of the belly (called the peritoneal membrane) acts as a natural filter. It lets the wastes and extra fluid in the blood pass through it into the cleansing fluid. At the same time, the lining of the belly holds back the important things your body needs, like red blood cells and nutrients. To do its job, the dialysate must stay in your belly for two hours or more, depending on body size and how much waste has to be removed. This time is called your dwell time. Prepared by Dr. May Hamdan4

5. After dwell time, you drain the cleansing fluid from your body into an empty bag. the bag is discarded. You then repeat the in-and-out process a number of times during the day, using fresh dialysate. Prepared by Dr. May Hamdan5