1. TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES CLASS :--- 10th
CONSTRUCTIVIST PLAN
TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES CLASS :--- 10th
SUB -TOPIC :- NUTRITION IN HUMAN BEINGS

2. RMSA Team Kishori Lal ,Lect. Biology,GSSS Saigaloo,SRG
Bharat Kashyap,Lect.Biology,GSSS Majhwar,SRG
Janaki Dass.Lect.Biology,DIET,Kullu,SRG
(Valuable suggestions are always welcome)

3. GENERAL OBJECTIVES :-
To Promote Spirit of enquiry, Experimentation and Observation.
To interpret the impact of various phenomenon in our daily life.
To promote problem solving and decision making attitude.
To inculcate scientific attitude.
To make the students aware about the contextual knowledge .

4. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES The student will be able to:-
 explore various life processes;
 explore modes of nutrition;
explain digestion in human beings;
know the structure and functioning of human respiratory system;
describe the structure and functioning of human heart;
explain structure and functioning of human excretory system.

5. MOTIVATION Look at these images:- Flesh Eating Breathing Breathing
Eating fruits
Flesh Eating
Breathing
Breathing
Urinating

6. Presentation by teacher
Why do we take food?
What does the food contain?
Where does the food go in our body?
What happens to food in our body?
How food is digested in our body?
Human beings are heterotrophic organisms. They obtain their food from plants, animals and animal products .
They take this food in complex form (starch, proteins, fats)which are broken down into simpler substances ( glucose , amino acids ,fatty acids etc.)
Digestive glands present in our body help in breaking the food.
The human digestive system consists of alimentary canal and associated glands.

7. Digestive system Alimentary canal Mouth Buccal cavity Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
anus
Digestive Glands
Salivary gland
Gastric gland
Liver
Pancreas
Intestinal gland

8. ALIMENTARY CANAL
It is a 9 metre long tube with muscular walls and glandular epithelium which extends from mouth to anus.
The alimentary canal consists of several organs.

9. MOUTH It is the uppermost opening of the digestive system .
It is guarded by two soft movable lips.
It opens into buccal cavity.

10. BUCCAL CAVITY
It is a large space bounded by upper immovable and lower movable jaw which bears four types of teeth and a soft muscular tongue.
The buccal cavity has three pairs of salivary glands.
The saliva contains water ,mucus and salivary amylase(ptyalin ) .

11. Pharynx
It serves as a passage for food from buccal cavity to the oesophagus.
Oesophagus
The oesophagus is a long tubular structure which serves to carry the food from pharynx to stomach by peristaltic movement.

12. Stomach
It is wide J-shaped muscular sac present on the left side of the abdomen .
It consists of four parts.
The walls of the stomach possesses three types of gastric glands which secrete gastric juice containing HCl, pepsin protein digesting enzyme & mucus.
It serves three functions
1. Storage of food
2. Mechanical churning of food
3. Partial digestion

13. Small intestine It is largest part of alimentary canal.
It is about 6m. long tube.
It consists of three parts –duodenum , jejunum and ileum.
duodenum
jejunum
ileum

14. Digestion and absorption of food is completed with the help of various enzymes in small intestine.
Bile coming from liver helps to emulsify the fat.

15. The wall of small intestine is raised into numerous projections called VILLI.
The villi greatly increases the absorptive surface area of the inner lining of intestine. .
Structure of Villi

16. LARGE INTESTINE It is shorter but wider than small intestine.
It consists of three parts - caecum, colon and rectum.
It is arranged around the mass of small intestine in the form of a ? .
It lacks villi but secretes mucous.

17. GROUP FORMATION Group 1. (a) Give the functions of bile juice.
(b) Frame one question at your own and answer it.
Group 2. (a)Name types of enzymes involved in the digestion of food.
Group 3 (a)Draw the flow chart of digestive system.
Group 4.(a) Match the following : ---
Liver Secretion of HCL & mucus
Small Intestine Absorption of water
Gall bladder Completion of digestion
Gastric gland Bile stored

18. EVALUATION ……. In the stomach kills germs.
The saliva contains an enzymes called
The rhythmic movement by which the food is taken to the stomach through food pipe is called……………..
Is secreted by the liver.
Name the longest part of
alimentary canal.
The inner lining of small intestine has numerous finger like projections called
HCl
Ptyalin
Peristalsis
Bile
Small intestine
Villi

19. Home assignments
Draw a well labelled diagram of human digestive system.
Make a list of different resources of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

20. QUESTION BANK

21. KNOWLEDGE LEVEL Peristalsis b. Dialysis c. Exocytosis d. Endocytosis
1. Give the term to the rhythmic contraction of alimentary canal.
Peristalsis b. Dialysis
c. Exocytosis d. Endocytosis
2. Where is the bile produced ?
Gall bladder b. Liver
c. Pancreas d. Small intestine
3. Name the largest gland in human body:
Pancreas b. Thymus
c. Liver d. Salivary
4. Which is the longest part of the alimentary canal?
5. Which organ is associated with the secretion of insulin?
6. Which is the vestigial organ in the alimentary canal?
Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for complete digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins?
List the various life processes.

22. UNDERSTANDING LEVEL
Name the enzymes for the digestion of carbohydrates.
Name the enzymes for the digestion of proteins.
Name the enzymes for the digestion of fats.
4. Which salt is responsible for emulsification of fats?
Name different parts of stomach.
Where does mechanical churning take place.
Name different parts of small intestine .

23. APPLICATION LEVEL
1. How do villi enhance absorption of food in the intestine:
By Increasing the surface area.
By decreasing the surface area
Both a) and b) d. none of the above
2. Explain the importance of nutrition.
3. What are the different modes of nutrition?
4. Explain the role of HCl in digestion.

24. Analysis level
1. Match the terms in column I to those in column II Column I Column II i.) insulin a) Liver ii) Amylase b) Gastric glands iii) Bile c) Pancreas iv) Pepsin d) Saliva . 2. Explain various modes of heterotrophic nutrition.

25. Synthesis level
1. The correct order of steps occurring in nutrition in animal is: a. Ingestion--->absorption--->digestion--->assimilation--->egestion b. Ingestion--->digestion--->assimilation--->egestion c. Ingestion-->digestion-->absorption-->assimilation-->egestion d. Ingestion-->assimilation-->digestion-->absorption-->egestion 2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts as they occur in the human alimentary canal? a. Mouth--->stomach--->small intestine--->oesophagus--->large intestine b. Mouth--->oesophagus--->stomach--->large intestine--->small intestine c. Mouth--->stomach--->oesophagus--->small intestine--->large intestine d. mouth --> oesophagus --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine 3. Draw a well labeled diagram of digestive system. 4. Explain the phases of digestion in human beings. 5. Explain Role of pancreas in digestion. 6. Explain Role of bile in digestion.

26. Synthesis level
7. On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ:
Green:
Red:
Pink:
Brown:
Purple:
Yellow:

27. Evaluation level Explain the structure & function of digestive system?
Explain the role of bile.
Describe different parts of small intestine ?
Where are the villi are found in our alimentary canal .Also show their role in digestion.

28. Thank you