1. 940-1 MECS INC.

2. 940-2 Meeting EPA Consent Decree Compliance with DynaWave Scrubbing Presented by Larry Paschke. Presented by Larry Paschke.

3. 940-3 Background/History l Headquarters - St. Louis, Missouri l Global Business l 250 Employees l 75 Years - Monsanto/MECS designed and constructed over 800 chemical and cogeneration projects l 1969:MECS formed l 2005, Management Buyout from Monsanto and MECS Inc. formed. l Headquarters - St. Louis, Missouri l Global Business l 250 Employees l 75 Years - Monsanto/MECS designed and constructed over 800 chemical and cogeneration projects l 1969:MECS formed l 2005, Management Buyout from Monsanto and MECS Inc. formed.

4. 940-4 MECS Inc. Capabilities l Design and supply air pollution control products –DynaWave Scrubbers –Brink Mist Eliminators l Design and build sulfuric acid plants l Supply proprietary products to the sulfuric acid industry –Specialty alloys –Catalyst –Tower internals l Design and supply air pollution control products –DynaWave Scrubbers –Brink Mist Eliminators l Design and build sulfuric acid plants l Supply proprietary products to the sulfuric acid industry –Specialty alloys –Catalyst –Tower internals

5. 940-5 Important Issues To Be Addressed l Performance –SO 2 Removal –SO 3 Removal –PM Removal –Other Consideration/Effluent Treatment l Applications –FCCs –SRUs l Performance –SO 2 Removal –SO 3 Removal –PM Removal –Other Consideration/Effluent Treatment l Applications –FCCs –SRUs

6. 940-6 SO 2 Removal

7. 940-7 l Mass Transfer –Gas/Liquid Contact Mechanism – Total L/G (gpm / 1000 acfm) –Reagent Kinetics n Caustic n Soda Ash n Lime n Limestone l Mass Transfer –Gas/Liquid Contact Mechanism – Total L/G (gpm / 1000 acfm) –Reagent Kinetics n Caustic n Soda Ash n Lime n Limestone

8. 940-8 DynaWave Scrubber

9. 940-9 SO 2 Mass Transfer / Reagent

10. 940-10 Reagent Overview ReagentReactivityOperating Cost CausticMost reactive Highest cost Soda AshVery Reactive Moderate Cost Magnesium Hydroxide Moderately Reactive Moderate Cost LimeLess Reactive Lower Cost LimestoneLeast Reactive Lowest Cost

11. 940-11 Reagent Costs Required Reagent Lb/Lb of SO 2 Relative Reagent Cost NaOH = 1 Treatment Cost/lb of SO 2 Caustic (NaOH)1.251.01.25 Soda Ash (Na 2 CO 3 )1.650.260.43 Mag Oxide (Mg(OH) 2 )0.910.160.146 Lime (Ca(OH) 2 )1.160.1250.145 Limestone (CaCO 3 ) 1.560.0250.04

12. 940-12 Reagent Reaction Products l CausticSoluble Salt l Soda Ash Soluble Salt l Trona Soluble Salt l Lime Insoluble Solid l Limestone Insoluble Solid l CausticSoluble Salt l Soda Ash Soluble Salt l Trona Soluble Salt l Lime Insoluble Solid l Limestone Insoluble Solid

13. 940-13 Navajo Test Data Pilot Plant Full Scale Installation CEM measures < 1 ppm vd 0% O 2 corrected Run 1Run 2Run 3Ave SO 2 Inlet (lb/h)1.871.801.901.86 SO 2 Outlet (lb/h)0.020.010.020.017 Outlet ppmvd 0% O 2 5.113.875.574.85 SO 2 % Removal98.999.498.999.1

14. 940-14 Particulate Removal

15. 940-15 Particulate Matter l Size Distribution of catalyst fines (PSD) l Gas side pressure drop used by scrubber l Size Distribution of catalyst fines (PSD) l Gas side pressure drop used by scrubber  Smaller particles require more pressure drop

16. 940-16 Particulate Removal < 0.1 microns 0.1 Wt% < 0.3 microns 4% < 1.0 microns 35% < 1.5 microns 54% < 3.0 microns 75% > 20 microns 6% Typical FCC PSD

17. 940-17 Example: 25” wc required for 90% particulate removal

18. 940-18 Navajo Test Data Run 1Run 2Run 3Ave PM Inlet (lb/h)1.152.390.781.44 PM Outlet (lb/h)0.01 PM % Removal 99.199.698.799.1 Pilot Plant Full Scale Installation Reduction of PM by 93%

19. 940-19 SO 3 /Acid Mist Removal

20. 940-20 SO 3 Removal Mechanism (NOT the same as SO 2 ) l Opacity –Diffraction of light waves by particles l Hydrolyzed to H 2 SO 4 liquid droplets –0.4 micron size l Not absorbed, mechanical removal l Opacity –Diffraction of light waves by particles l Hydrolyzed to H 2 SO 4 liquid droplets –0.4 micron size l Not absorbed, mechanical removal  Gas side pressure drop required

21. 940-21 Example: 40” wc gas pressure drop required to remove 90% of SO 3

22. 940-22 Other Considerations Effluent Treatment

23. 940-23 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand l Measured as mg O 2 / liter solution or ppm l Convert sodium sulfite/bisulfite salts to sulfate salts l Forced oxidation to sodium sulfate –O 2 to S ratio –Residence time –Air dispersion l Measured as mg O 2 / liter solution or ppm l Convert sodium sulfite/bisulfite salts to sulfate salts l Forced oxidation to sodium sulfate –O 2 to S ratio –Residence time –Air dispersion

24. 940-24 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand l Typical COD target range 50 to 200 ppm l Consider “pre-existing” COD in makeup water l Two oxidation methods –In-Situ –Ex-Situ l Typical COD target range 50 to 200 ppm l Consider “pre-existing” COD in makeup water l Two oxidation methods –In-Situ –Ex-Situ

25. 940-25 DynaWave Scrubber In-Situ Oxidation

26. 940-26 Effluent Rate Requirements l Set by dissolved solids concentration l Salt concentrations up to 20 wt% l Low effluent rate to waste water treatment desirable l Set by dissolved solids concentration l Salt concentrations up to 20 wt% l Low effluent rate to waste water treatment desirable

27. 940-27 Effluent Rates 5% 10% 15% 20% 020406080100 gpm % salts Assumes 1000 lb/h SO 2 removed

28. 940-28 Other Considerations Materials of Construction

29. 940-29 Materials of Construction l Considerations –Inlet temperature –Wet / dry interface –Chlorides l Considerations –Inlet temperature –Wet / dry interface –Chlorides AlloyApprox. Relative CostChloride Limit ppm w * 316L1.0300 Duplex RA-22051.320,000 AL6XN3.3+30,000 Hastelloy C-2766+100,000 * By Rolled Alloys.

30. 940-30 DynaWave Scrubber Reaction zone: AL6XN Hastelloy Duplex 2205 Vessel: Duplex 2205 316L stainless

31. 940-31 Sources of Chlorides l Caustic l Make-up Water l FCC Off Gas l Caustic l Make-up Water l FCC Off Gas

32. 940-32 Monsanto DynaWave Scrubber

33. 940-33 On-Line Reliability l Minimal mechanical equipment l Withstands upset conditions- –Large catalyst carryover to scrubber –Abrasion/pluggage design considerations l Large Reverse Jet nozzles l Minimal mechanical equipment l Withstands upset conditions- –Large catalyst carryover to scrubber –Abrasion/pluggage design considerations l Large Reverse Jet nozzles

34. 940-34 Monsanto Refinery Experience

35. 940-35 Navajo Installation 30,000 BPD FCC

36. 940-36 DynaWave in SRU l Very cost competitive versus conventional technology l Designed to meet –100 ppmvd SO2, corrected to 0% O2 –100 mg/L COD –Less than 10% opacity l Handles high sulfur loadings during off ratio and SRU bypass cases l Very cost competitive versus conventional technology l Designed to meet –100 ppmvd SO2, corrected to 0% O2 –100 mg/L COD –Less than 10% opacity l Handles high sulfur loadings during off ratio and SRU bypass cases

37. 940-37 Conclusion l DynaWave Applications –FCC, SRU, Calciner, S-Zorb l Compliance Help with –Consent Decrees –MACT II l Lower capital and operating costs l Proven Experience l DynaWave Applications –FCC, SRU, Calciner, S-Zorb l Compliance Help with –Consent Decrees –MACT II l Lower capital and operating costs l Proven Experience

38. 940-38 Thank you.