1. 1 PARTIAL REUSE IDAHO March 2010 Presented by: Genny West LSRCP Production Meeting 2010 Boise, Idaho Advancing Sustainable Aquaculture

2. 2 About PR Aqua  25 Years of Aquaculture Service  Started in fiberglass  Total hatchery supply  Engineering Services for hatchery design  Moved into recirc and reuse design of hatcheries  Most of the work with State government hatcheries  Help deal with drought and disease and overall water conservation and meeting regulations

3. 3 Reasons for Reuse  Water Shortages – strain on resources  Competition for water resources  Contaminated water supply  Save water for PUD’s  Reduced pumping and heating/cooling costs  Increased control over the culture environment  Minimize volume of effluent

4. 4 Starting Point Circular Tanks

5. 5 Traditional Flow-Through  Difficult to flush solids  Not easy to clean  Plug flow – not great mixing of oxygen  Low densities due to crowding at one  Enormous water consumption  If not gravity flow, large pumping costs Courtesy of Freshwater Fisheries Duncan

6. 6 Circular Tank Discussion  Excellent mixing of new oxygenated water  Even temperature distribution  Optimum rotational velocity  Self-cleaning feed and feces  Maximum volume utilization  Morts and solids get directed to center of tank Courtesy of State of Wyoming

7. 7 Tank Systems Full Tank System with Swirl SeparatorCornell Style Dual Drain

8. 8 Swimming Patterns

9. 9 Fish Crowding Example

10. 10 Seining in 36’ dia.x10’ Tank

11. 11 Moving Fish The Fish Pump

12. 12 Recirculation vs ReuseRecirculation  Between 95 to 99.9% of flow  Reduced cost of heating  Min. Required Processes: Solids Filtration Biofiltration CO 2 Removal Oxygenation Reuse  Between 50 to 85% of flow  Greater cost of heating  Min. Required Processes: Partial Solids Removal CO 2 Removal Oxygenation

13. 13 Simplest Reuse  Treatment of Gases  Removal of CO 2  Addition of Oxygen  Can achieve 50-85%

14. 14 Tank Side Reuse Example

15. 15 Gas Balancing Detailed

16. 16 Low Head Oxygenator (LHO)

17. 17 CALIFORNIA

18. 18 Raceway Oxygenation  State of California – Fish production mandates  No new water  Old raceway systems – no $$ to upgrade to tanks  Installing LHO’s to benefit WQ  Achieve higher densities thereby increasing production #’s  Oxygen supply via Oxygen Generators  Anticipate a 50% increase in production just with the addition of oxygen

19. 19 Oxygen Supply Generation or Lox

20. 20 Oxygen Supply Pros and Cons Bulk Oxygen  High pressure  99.9% pure - no nitrogen  Always available  No mechanical failures  More expensive especially for remote sites Generated Oxygen  Not recommended for high pressure oxygenation  Only 92% pure  Energy dependent  Can break down so emergency back up reqd.  Less expensive

21. 21 WYOMING

22. 22 Wyoming Fish and Game Serial Reuse

23. 23 Influent Treatment – Vacuum Degassing and LHO’s Wyoming Fish and Game Serial Reuse cont’d

24. 24 Reuse System Effluent Treatment Wetland Drum Filters

25. 25 WASHINGTON The Cadillac of PRAS

26. 26  Recently WA State went through the tank vs raceway discussion  Have completed a pilot done in conjunction with Chelan PUD – juvenile Chinook/Steelhead  Partial Reuse system set up right next to a raceway system  Evaluated performance, health & welfare  Survival rates on returns State of Washington PRAS with Circulars vs Traditional FT Raceways

27. 27 The Process Extensive Reuse

28. 28 State of Washington Eastbank Hatchery Reuse

29. 29 State of Washington Eastbank Reuse cont’d

30. 30  75% water savings  Comparable growth with raceway fish  Higher densities and more production with 75% less water  18% better survival in PRAS  Significant decrease in precocious males  Year two trials – doubling densities State of Washington Eastbank Hatchery Results

31. 31 Target Marine – The Transition – Reuse to Recirc Transitioned from: Flow through – Partial Reuse - Recirc

32. 32 UTAH

33. 33 State of Utah Recirculation System Typical Recirculation System

34. 34 State of Utah Recirculation System cont’d

35. 35 ALASKA

36. 36 William J. Hernandez Sport Fish Hatchery  Bio-plan: 18 different production groups  Resulted in: 41 tank groupings  Modules: 15 individual full recirc systems 6 tank sizes 4 process designs Arctic Char Arctic Grayling Lake TroutKing Salmon Silver Salmon Rainbow Trout

37. 37 WJHSFH Multiple Reuse Strategies

38. 38 Overall Benefits of Reusing Water in Fish Hatcheries  Water conservation  Effluent reduction-for EPA regs.  More solids concentration  More controlled environment  Fish production increase potential  Fish health improvements  Better utilization of water resources – higher densities  More fish / less water in / less water out

39. 39 Questions? PR Aqua Nanaimo, BC Genny West genny@praqua.com