1. Advanced Pretreatment: Proprietary Configurations, Operational Issues and O&M

2. Proprietary configurations  Modular units with complete configuration  Subcomponents installed in prefab tanks  Specific to proprietary products

3. RWTS

4. Singulair

5. Aerodiffuser

6. Clearstream

7. Delta Whitewater

8. HOOT

9. Hydro-Action Plant

10. Biokube

11. Aquarobic

12. Aquarobics

13. Bio-Microbics FAST

15. PuraM

16. Proprietary configurations  Media Filters

17. Advantex: textile sheets

18. Ecoflo peat filter

19. EZ Treat: Polystyrene pellets

20. Puraflo peat biofilter

21. Trickling filters  Include media to provide a point of attachment for the microbes  Not quite saturated like suspended growth units  Not unsaturated like media filters  Typically higher loading and continuous loading relative to media filters

22. Aquapoint Bioclere

23. Bioclere

24. SeptiTech

25. Points to remember  For both saturated and unsaturated units

26. Operational Issues  Biological Need to sustain a microbial population Need to sustain a microbial population Seasonal use and surge flows Seasonal use and surge flows  Mechanical Homeowners tend to be very poor maintenance providers Homeowners tend to be very poor maintenance providers Better to have trained O/M contractor Better to have trained O/M contractor

27. Two primary design parameters  Hydraulic loading Rate that water will pass through the device Rate that water will pass through the device Must provide sufficient retention time Must provide sufficient retention time Must rest between doses Must rest between doses Wash-outs can occur on laundry day Wash-outs can occur on laundry day  Organic loading More food than bugs – poor quality effluent More food than bugs – poor quality effluent More bugs than food – high quality effluent More bugs than food – high quality effluent

28. Flow Equalization  Variations in flow seriously complicate treatment process Need stable flow and stable substrate supply to maintain stable microbial population Need stable flow and stable substrate supply to maintain stable microbial population Single family home can have extreme variations from vacations (no flow) to laundry (high flow) Single family home can have extreme variations from vacations (no flow) to laundry (high flow)  Equalization tanks (before unit) can buffer flow Dose the unit during low flows Dose the unit during low flows Store excess wastewater during high flows Store excess wastewater during high flows

29. Influent quality  Must have primary treatment Minimize solids Minimize solids  Strong biocides can disrupt performance Excessive use of harsh cleaners Excessive use of harsh cleaners Medications (such as antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs) can affect microbial population Medications (such as antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs) can affect microbial population Latex paints contain mold and fungus inhibitors Latex paints contain mold and fungus inhibitors

30. Environmental effects  pH Alkalinity is essential to buffer pH shift due to nitrification Alkalinity is essential to buffer pH shift due to nitrification  Temperature Units will operate at soil temperature Units will operate at soil temperature cool temperatures - slow degradation cool temperatures - slow degradation warm temperature - faster degradation warm temperature - faster degradation

31. Start up  Initially, poor treatment of wastewater More food than bugs More food than bugs Biomass will be poorly flocculated in saturated units Biomass will be poorly flocculated in saturated units  Establishment of microbial population Suspended growth/trickling filters: add a few gallons of mixed liquor from operational unit or activated sludge plant Suspended growth/trickling filters: add a few gallons of mixed liquor from operational unit or activated sludge plant Media filters: patience – (the bugs will come…) Media filters: patience – (the bugs will come…)

32. Typical issues: suspended growth  Sludge bulking Extreme growth of filamentous bacteria impedes settling Extreme growth of filamentous bacteria impedes settling Process controls – (good operator) Process controls – (good operator)  Foaming on water surface Growth of hydrophobic bacterium Nocardia that trap air bubbles Growth of hydrophobic bacterium Nocardia that trap air bubbles Froth spray available to reduce surface tension Froth spray available to reduce surface tension  Burping Biogas release from sludge disperses solids Biogas release from sludge disperses solids

33. Typical issues: Media filters  Excessive biomat If loads exceed capacity If loads exceed capacity  Settling of media  Insect infestation is possible  Media replacement may be necessary

34. Important considerations: suspended growth  Processes similar to secondary treatment in large sewage treatment plants  Tend to be more sensitive to upset than septic tanks and large secondary sewage treatment plants

35. What about N & P?  Not used for N and P removal per se Saturated units Saturated units Some N and P is removed in biomassSome N and P is removed in biomass Additional unit processes must be added effective N & P removalAdditional unit processes must be added effective N & P removal Unsaturated units Unsaturated units Must be configured with recirculation back to anoxic zone with a carbon sourceMust be configured with recirculation back to anoxic zone with a carbon source

36. Required maintenance: both  Check prior components Septic tank Septic tank Solids level, effluent screenSolids level, effluent screen Dosing tank and controls Dosing tank and controls Proper functionProper function Monitor flowMonitor flow  If these are not functioning well, subsequent components will not function well either

37. Required maintenance  Biomass (sludge) removal from saturated units Biomass removal may be required every six to nine months Biomass removal may be required every six to nine months Retain some biosolids to serve as seed to repopulate the biological floc Retain some biosolids to serve as seed to repopulate the biological floc

38. Required maintenance Required maintenance  Aeration system maintenance Blowers and motors are operating in a corrosive environment Blowers and motors are operating in a corrosive environment  Settling of media  Service contract with a maintenance provider is required  Long-term costs Energy, inspection, and maintenance Energy, inspection, and maintenance

39. Required maintenance: Media filters  Inspect for: Structural damage Structural damage Ponding of effluent Ponding of effluent Excessive settling Excessive settling Uniform distribution Uniform distribution Scouring beneath orifices Scouring beneath orifices Adequate ventilation Adequate ventilation Excess odors Excess odors Root, sand infiltration Root, sand infiltration Insect infestations Insect infestations

40. Questions?