1. Leona River Potential Loads and Sources for Bacteria and Nitrates Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research Stephenville, Texas June 4, 2013

2. Lead Agency - Texas Soil & Water Conservation Board Support provided by Nueces River Authority Texas A&M Dept Soil & Crop Sciences & Spatial Sciences Laboratory Acknowledgements

3. Modeling to Evaluate Water Quality and Sources Load Duration Curves (LDCs) SELECT (Spatially Explicit Load Enrichment Calculation Tool)

4. Load Duration Curves (LDCs) Purpose: To define flow conditions under which desired loads are exceeded Define potential load reductions

5. Load Duration Curves LDCs use the following: Daily stream flow data Allowable or desired concentration Measured concentrations and flows

6. USGS 8204005 TCEQ 12988/12989 USGS 8204250 TCEQ 12987 USGS 8204500 TCEQ 12985 Locations for Load Duration Curve Development

7. Load Duration Curves Allowable or desired concentration Primary Contract Recreation Standard E. coli 126 cfu/100 mL General Use Screening Level Nitrate 1.95 mg/L

8. Assessment Bacteria

9. Assessment Nitrates

10. Load Duration Curves Steps - 1.Develop Flow Duration Curve (FDC) (time history of daily flow data) 2.Calculate allowable loads (criterion or screening level) 3.Estimate measured loads (measured concentrations and flow) 4.Compare measured to allowable loads

11. Flow Duration Curves (FDCs) Daily stream flows for a given time period ranked highest to lowest Flow Condition Percent Time Exceeded High Flows0-10% Moist Conditions10-40% Mid-Range Conditions40-60% Dry Conditions60-90% Low Flows90-100%

12. Use of LDCs for Source Identification Source Graphic: http://www.kdheks.gov/tmdl/basic.htm#datahttp://www.kdheks.gov/tmdl/basic.htm#data The Kansas Department of Health and Environment High Flows Mid- Range DryLow Flows Moist

13. FDC Leona River near Uvalde 1970 – 2010

14. LDC E. coli - Leona River near Uvalde Criterion 126 cfu/100 mL

15. Potential Reductions % Reduction = (Allowable – Measured) Measured * 100 Averaged by Flow Category

16. LDC E. coli Leona River near Uvalde

17. Average Percent Reduction E. coli NA indicates not applicable, because most low flows were zero flow.

18. LDC Nitrates Leona River near Divot E. coli data 1972 – 2012

19. Average Percent Reduction Nitrate NA indicates not applicable, because most low flows were zero flow.

20. Potential Reductions Needs Bacteria & Nitrate – primarily at higher flows associated with rainfall-runoff Bacteria – lower flows indicated near Batesville Nitrates – lower flows indicated near Divot Load Duration Curve - Summary

21. Questions ??s Load Duration Curves

22. SELECT ( S patially E xplicit L oad E nrichment C alculation T ool) – Developed by Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Spatial Sciences Laboratory at Texas A&M University by Dr. R. Karthikeyan, Dr. R. Srinivasan and others Modeling Bacteria Sources

23. Identifies POTENTIAL bacteria loadings by subwatershed Based on spatial data, such as: – Land use – Soils – Stream network – Animal density – Population information SELECT

24. Spatial Science Laboratory Texas A&M University in College Station Satellite imagery Aerial photos Ground control points Ground verification

25. Population & Household Densities – Census data Livestock Densities – County Agricultural Statistics (USDA) Wildlife – Resource Experts (TPWD & others) Domestic & Feral Animals – Resource Experts (TPWD & others) Input Data

26. Wastewater Treatment Facilities – Uvalde – Batesville – US Fish & Wildlife Service National Fish Hatchery Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations – Chaparral Cattle Feedlot (Uvalde) – Live Oak Feedlot (Batesville) Permitted Facilities

27. 98% 99.8% 2% 68% 95% 32% 5% 4% 11% 84% 80% 17% 2%

28. CAFOs Chaparral Cattle Feedlot south of Uvalde (10,000 permitted head) Live Oak Feedlot southeast Batesville (8,000 permitted head) Input E. coli production rate 1E10 cfu/animal/day assuming “treatment” efficiency of 80%

29. Cattle #s in Leona Uvalde 5,516 Zavala 10,566 Frio 6,418 Input Fecal Production Rate Cattle 10E10 cfu/animal/day

30. Input Fecal Production Rate Cattle 10E10 cfu/animal/day Cattle distributed on Grassland Herbaceous and Pasture/Hay Cattle #s in Leona Uvalde 5,516 Zavala 10,566 Frio 6,418

31. Feral Hog #s in Leona 21,462 Input Fecal Production Rate Feral Hogs 1.1E10 cfu/animal/day Feral Hogs distributed on 100 meter buffer of stream in non-developed areas

32. Input Fecal Production Rate Sheep/Goats 1.2E10 cfu/animal/day Sheep/Goats distributed on Grassland Herbaceous, Pasture/Hay, Shrubland & Woodland Sheep/Goats #s in Leona Uvalde 8,055 Zavala 1,269 Frio 168

33. Deer #s in Leona 16.8/1,000 acres Input Fecal Production Rate Deer 3.5E8 cfu/animal/day Deer distributed on Near-Riparian Forest, Shrubland & Woodland

34. Dog #s in Leona 1.6/household Input Fecal Production Rate Dogs 5.0E9 cfu/animal/day Homes in each subbasin based on 2010 Census Block Data

35. Masks out areas covered by public wastewater service areas Homes in each subbasin based on 2010 Census Block Data Uses NRCS Soils Data to define Septic Drainage Limitation Class Effluent Rate 10E6 cfu/100 mL with discharge of 60 gal/person/day for systems on soils with septic limitations

36. Urban Discharge (MGD) Uvalde WWTF outfall #10.2604 Uvalde WWTF outfall #20.6138 Uvalde WWTF outfall #30.0558 Batesville0.184 Fish Hatchery0.8 Effluent EC rate based on 126 cfu/100 ml

37. SELECT does not yet handle Exotics Small wildlife (birds, raccoons, etc) Sources not included

38. SELECT Indicates potential loadings based on a “worst case” scenario Highlight “hot spots” to consider for control efforts These are preliminary results open to stakeholder feedback

39. Contact Information Nikki Jackson Email: njackson@tiaer.tarleton.edunjackson@tiaer.tarleton.edu Office Phone: 254.968.1920 Anne McFarland Email: mcfarla@tiaer.tarleton.edumcfarla@tiaer.tarleton.edu Office Phone: 254.968.9581

40. Questions? Thank You Anne McFarland Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research mcfarla@tiaer.tarleton.edu 254.968.9581