2. Treatment 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10

3. Topic 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: Deposits of magnesium and calcium on pipes and appliances is referred to as ________ What is the problem with such deposits? ANSWER: ( Hardness ……..Hardness deposits can clog pipes and reduce water pressure, leave a film on glassware, leave hair and skin feeling dry

4. Topic 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: Presence of this bacteria indicates contamination with human or animal feces ANSWER: ( E. coli )

5. Topic 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: Another name for advanced wastewater treatment. When is this treatment used? ANSWER: ( Advanced treatment is also called tertiary treatment. It is used to remove metals, organics that cannot be broken down by bacteria, and nitrogen/phosphorous

6. Topic 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: A measure of the amount of oxygen required to break down all of the organic matter in a sample or a wastewater ANSWER: ( Biological Oxygen Demand - BOD

7. Topic 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: Why is BOD checked before discharging treated wastewater to a stream? ESSAY ANSWER: By measuring BOD, the treatment plant operators will know how much oxygen, microorganism would use to digest any organic material that is discharged to the stream. If too much oxygen is used by microorganisms, fish and other aquatic species will be stressed.

8. Topic 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: Any organism that provide a signal or clue about the health of a system or ecosystem ANSWER: 1. Bio-indicator (presence of E.coli indicates contamination with human/animal fecal matter)

9. Topic 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: Ozone, UV light and chlorine/chlorine compounds are all methods of ____________ ANSWER: Disinfecting water and wastewater

10. Topic 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: Disease causing organisms are called _____________ ANSWER: pathogens

11. Topic 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: How does the Clean Water Act regulate discharges from industries? How do industries demonstrate compliance ESSAY ANSWER: Industries must obtain a permit specifying how much water they can discharge, the level of contaminates allowable in the discharge and how often they must test for these pollutants. These are called “Permit Limits”. Failure to meet these limits will result in increased testing, possible equipment modification, fines or even plant shutdowns

12. Topic 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is purpose of coagulation/flocculation. ANSWER: (Coagulation/flocculation remove suspended solids, microogranisms and turbidity from water. The process allows particles to stick together to form a floc that is heavy enough to settle out during sedimentation and easier to removed during filtration

13. Topic 3 – 10 Points QUESTION: Floatable material such as oil and grease that tend to rise to the surface and can be skimmed from the top of a clarifier (settling basin) or other treatment tank ANSWER: scum

14. Topic 3 – 20 Points QUESTION: Cloudiness in water due to presence of suspended solids is called ANSWER: (turbidity)

15. Topic 3 – 30 Points QUESTION: Chemical added to drinking water to help prevent cavities ANSWER: (Fluoride)

16. Topic 3 – 40 Points QUESTION: What are the 3 parts of a septic system ANSWER: (septic tank, drainfield and soil)

17. Topic 3 – 50 Points QUESTION: Give 4 examples of infrastructure and explain why the Obama administration has proposed a budget with billions of dollars for infrastructure improvements. ESSAY ANSWER: Roads, bridges, sewer and water lines, communication networks. (2) US infrastructure is deteriorating and is serious need of repair/ replacement to ensure safety and health of citizens and even protection from terrorists

18. Topic 4 – 10 Points QUESTION: Biological wastewater treatment is associated with primary, secondary or tertiary treatment processes ANSWER: Secondary treatment

19. Topic 4 – 20 Points QUESTION: What are disinfection by-products? Why are they a concern in drinking water? ANSWER: Disinfection byproducts are a family of chemicals formed when chlorine (or bromine) react with organic matter in the source water. Risk is LOW but If exposed to disinfection byproducts at high levels over many years, there is a risk of bladder cancer or problems with the liver, kidneys, or circulatory system., and possible miscarriages or birth defect.

20. Topic 4 – 30 Points QUESTION: The amount of water that flows past a given point in a given amount of time is called _______ Solve the problem: In velocity of a stream is 10 ft/sec, depth is 6 feet and width is 10 ft., what is ________ ANSWER: Discharge; (2) 600 ft3/sec

21. Topic 4 – 40 Points QUESTION: Explain the difference between the goals of the CWA and the SDWA. ESSAY ANSWER: The SDWA is responsible for ensuring that public drinking water supplies are safe. The CWA is responsible for ensuring that water discharged to streams, rivers and lakes does not endanger human health or the health of aquatic species in that body or water or in other rivers, estuaries that the water discharges to

22. Topic 4 – 50 Points QUESTION: What happens to effluent from the septic tank once it is discharged to the drainfield ANSWER: Soil microorganisms continue to breakdown organics and the soil filters the effluent so that it is clean before it reaches groundwater or surface water (

23. Topic 5 – 10 Points QUESTION: In a wastewater treatment plants, the part of the process that settles solids in a clarifier and allow oil and greases to be skimmed to the top is called _____ (primary, secondary or tertiary) treatment ANSWER Primary treatment

24. Topic 5 – 20 Points QUESTION: Label A, B and C. ANSWER: A –Water Mains B – Water Storage Towers C- Service Line A B C

25. Topic 5 – 30 Points QUESTION: During coagulation and flocculation, suspended particles stick together to form larger sticky particles that are heavy enough to sink to the bottom. What are these particles called? ANSWER: Floc

26. Topic 5 – 40 Points QUESTION: The pH of water that is acidic is: 1. greater than 7 2. less than 7. 3. It depends on the water source 2. Why is water pH adjusted before distributed it to homes ANSWER: less than 7. Acidic pH can corrode metal pipes

27. Topic 5 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is the contour interval? What is the elevation of the highest point? Where is the slope the steepest? ANSWER: ( a. 20 b. less than 400, call it 390 or 399 c. southeast side of hill