2. How do the COMPONENTS of a System INTERCONNECT?

3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=faq&dbid=16#digestion Animation of Digestion

5. INGESTION

6. FUNCTION/ PURPOSE OF SYSTEM

7. Digestion breakdown of food  into molecular components small enough to cross the plasma membrane

8. Digestion Definition Digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller and simpler substances – Mechanical digestion and Chemical digestion do this in different ways ABSORBED ELIMINATED

9. Digestion Definition MECHANICAL (physical) digestion – breaking down of food into smaller pieces – involves: chewing, grinding, churning CHEMICAL digestion – Breaking down of food into simpler substances (building blocks) – involves: enzymes ABSORPTION – Broken down food gets from digestive tract into the body (blood)

10. Mechanical Digestion Same volume of food Small total surface area Larger total surface area A larger surface area speeds up digestion saliva

11. Smaller pieces allow for more areas of contact for enzymes and digestive juices to act on speeding up chemical digestion MECHANICAL CHEMICAL

12. Absorption passage of molecules into body's interior & passage throughout the body

13. LARGE INTESTINES ELIMINATION OF WASTE REABSORBS WATER & SALTS

14. STRUCTURE OF SYSTEM

16. The Digestive System Mouth / Teeth Esophagus Liver Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus Appendix

17. Epiglottis Image source: http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19595.htm http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19595.htm Animation

18. OBSERVING DIGESTIVE ORGANS OBSERVING DIGESTIVE ORGANS 1.External and internal structure of the stomach. a. How would you describe the external appearance of the stomach? a. How would you describe the external appearance of the stomach? b. What is the action (behavior) of the stomach? b. What is the action (behavior) of the stomach? c. How is the stomach designed to perform its function? c. How is the stomach designed to perform its function? 2.External and internal structure of the small and large intestines a. Describe the appearance of the small and large intestines. a. Describe the appearance of the small and large intestines. b. What are the main actions (behavior) of the small and large intestines? b. What are the main actions (behavior) of the small and large intestines? c. How is the small intestine designed to perform its function? c. How is the small intestine designed to perform its function? 3. Determining the pH of gastric juice and bile a. Describe the role of gastric juice and bile in digestion. a. Describe the role of gastric juice and bile in digestion. b. How is the pH of gastric juice and bile related to its role in digestion? b. How is the pH of gastric juice and bile related to its role in digestion?

19. Cone-shaped tongue papillae, seen here in a colored scanning electron micrograph, contain nerve endings that receive and transmit touch sensations to the brain. As we begin chewing, the tongue shapes food in a ball-shaped bolus for swallowing. http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/digestive-system/?source=A-to- Z#/tongue-papillar_1251_600x450.jpg Tongue Papillae Photograph by SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.

20. Inside the mouth, shown magnified here, teeth, tongue, and saliva work together to physically and chemically break down food. Humans produce up to 3 pints (1.4 liters) of saliva daily, and chemical enzymes in the saliva play a major role in disintegrating starchy foods. http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/digestive- system/?source=A-to-Z#/human-mouth_1002_600x450.jpg Inside the Human Mouth Photograph by Lennart Nilsson

21. This colored scanning micrograph shows a cast of blood vessels from the external wall of the small intestine. Measuring about 22 feet (6.7 meters) in length, the small intestine performs most of the major digestion and absorption of nutrients. The walls of the small intestine are lined with millions of projections called villi, which absorb and transmit nutrients into the bloodstream. http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/digestive-system/?source=A-to- Z#/small-intestine-vessels_1211_600x450.jpg

22. VILLI Image source: http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/310014/enlarge

23. BEHAVIOR

24. Image source: http://www.flickr.co m/photos/liujoanne/ 2172007698/

25. INTERCONNECTION Digestion Absorption Elimination of Waste

27. Function 1) mechanical/physical & chemical digestion 2) Absorption of nutrients 3) Excretion of waste REGION OF FOOD TUBE STRUCTURES INVOLVED PROCESS Contribu- tion to Function MOUTH Teeth Tongue Salivary Glands Chewing Moves food Chemical digestion of starch 1 esophagus musclesperistalsis STOMACH Muscular sac Stomach acid Mixing of food with gastric juice (HCl) producing chyme Protein digestion Churning of food (mechanical) 1 SMALL INTESTINE Duodenum Ileum Liver Gall bladder/Pancreas Final digestion Absorption Produces bile (digest fats/neutralize stomach acids) Stores bile Releases enzymes to help digestion 1,2 LARGE INTESTINE Colon Rectum anus Removal of waste; reabsorb water and salts Storing waste excretion 3

28. REGION OF FOOD TUBE STRUCTURES INVOLVED BEHAVIOR MOUTH Teeth Tongue Salivary Glands Chewing (physical/mechanical digestion) Moves food Chemical digestion of starch esophagusmusclesperistalsis STOMACH Stomach lining Mixing of food with gastric juice (HCl) producing chyme Protein digestion Churning of food (mechanical) SMALL INTESTINE Duodenum Ileum Liver Gall bladder Pancreas Final digestion Absorption Produces bile (digest fats/neutralize stomach acids) Stores bile Releases enzymes to help digestion LARGE INTESTINE Colon Rectum anus Removal of waste; reabsorb water and salts Storing waste excretion

29. Assessment Criteria Points Self- Assessment Teacher’s mark A. Identified the main functions of the digestive system. 3 B. Listed the different structures of the 4 major areas of the digestive system 3 C. Described the behavior of each structure 3 D. Explained how the behavior of the different structures relate and contribute to the functions of the digestive system. 3 E. Poster clearly shows how a system works 3 F. Poster is artistically made and neatly presented 1 Total Points16