1. Infectious Diseases

2. Infectious Diseases You can “catch” it
What does Infectious or Contagious mean?
You can “catch” it
Communicable, Transferrable, Spreadable
Can spread from one person to another
Can spread from one part of the body to another

3. What causes Infectious & Contagious Diseases?
Infectious Diseases
What causes Infectious & Contagious Diseases?
Bacteria
Viruses
Rickettsias
Protozoa
Fungi

4. Infectious Diseases
How do you get an Infectious or Contagious Disease?
Direct Contact
When an uninfected person comes in contact with an infected person.
Sexually transmitted diseases
Pregnant woman to her unborn child
Indirect Contact
Breathing contaminated air in to the lungs
Colds, influenza, and tuberculosis are spread this way

5. How Diseases are Spread
Infectious Diseases
How Diseases are Spread
People: Many infectious diseases are spread as a result of direct or indirect contact with an infected person
Animals: Animals and insects spread many infectious diseases. The bit of an infected dog or other animal can spread rabies and can be fatal. Malaria and dengue fever are spread this way
Contaminated Objects: Pathogens are spread when an uninfected person touches objects that an infected person has used. Eating utensils, glasses, toothbrushes, shared drug needles
Environment: Food, water, soil, and air we breathe contain potentially harmful pathogens. Careless handling of food is the main source of food poisoning.

6. Infectious Diseases Your Immune System
How does your body prevent you from getting sick?
Your Immune System

7. Physical Barriers against Infection
Skin is your body’s 1st line of defense against pathogens

8. Chemical Barriers against Infection
Enzymes in tears, saliva, and digestive juices destroy pathogens

9. Blood Cell Barriers against Infection
White Blood Cells group together
to destroy pathogens

10. Inflammatory Barriers against Infection
Heat, redness, and swelling are the body’s “red alert,”
indicating when pathogens break through other barriers

11. Common Infectious & Contagious Diseases
Infectious Diseases
Common Infectious & Contagious Diseases
Cold
Flu (Influenza)
Tuberculosis
Measles
Mono (Mononucleosis)
Hepatitis
Strep Throat

12. Infectious Diseases Diseases of the Nervous System Encephalitis
(Not so common Infectious & Contagious Diseases)
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Polio (Poliomyelitis)

13. Common Cold Viral Infection Stuffy, runny nose Sneezing Sore Throat
Headache
Contracted by breathing in the virus droplets or by touching the virus and rubbing the eyes or nose and transferring the virus by hand.

14. Flu (Influenza) Viral Infection Chills Fever Headache Muscle Ache
Flu is spread by virus-infected droplets coughed or sneezed into the air by an infected person.

15. Tuberculosis Bacterial Infection Coughing Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fever
Sweating
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Spread by airborne droplets produced by coughing or sneezing

16. Strep Throat Spread by droplets coughed or breathed into the air.
Bacterial Infection
Sore throat
Fever
General feeling of illness
Enlarged lymph nodes in neck
Spread by droplets coughed or breathed into the air.

17. Encephalitis Swelling of the brain Virus spread by mosquitoes Headache
Fever
Hallucinations
Confusion
Paralysis
Speech disturbances
Memory loss
Gradual loss of consciousness

18. Meningitis
Swelling of the membranes (meninges) of the brain & spinal cord
Viral & Bacterial types
Fever
Severe Headache
Nausea & vomiting
Sensitivity to light
Stiff neck
Infection is life threatening

19. Poliomyelitis More commonly known as polio
Virus of the central nervous system
Has a vaccine to prevent
Extensive paralysis of muscles used for breathing
Can lead to death

20. Mono (Mononucleosis) Viral infection “kissing disease”
Common among teens
Chills
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes
Spreads through direct contact

21. Measles Highly contagious viral disease Fever Rash (over entire body)
Runny nose
Sore eyes
Cough
Ear & Chest infections
Has a vaccine to prevent

22. Hepatitis Swelling of the liver
Hepatitis A-from eating food or drinking drinks that have been contaminated
Hepatitis B-spread by contaminated medical instruments and sexual contact with infected people
Hepatitis C-spread through infected blood
Viral Infection
Jaundice
Fever
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Aching muscle

23. Preventing Infectious Diseases
Immunity: The body’s defenses against disease Active Immunity: Your body remembers the pathogens it meets and attacks them when Passive Immunity: Temporary immunity. The immunity that babies get from their mothers and lasts a few months. Immunization: A way to help the body have immunity against pathogens

24. Vaccines
Live virus vaccines: Made from weakened viruses. Measles, mumps, rubella, and oral polio vaccines all contain live virus.
Killed virus vaccines: Contain viruses that have been killed. The vaccine causes the body to produce antibodies. Cholera, typhoid fever, rabies, and polio vaccines contain killed viruses.
Toxoids: Treated toxins stimulate the production of antibodies and establish active immunity against diseases.

25. Don’t get Sick! Use Common Sense
Infectious Diseases
Don’t get Sick! Use Common Sense
Stay Healthy: good nutrition, exercise, adequate sleep, good healthcare
Bathe Daily: keep skin, hair, and fingernails clean
Don’t Share Food/Drinks: sharing straws, utensils, and drinking out of the same glass as others spreads germs
Carefully Handle Food: prevents food poisoning
Wash Your Hands: after using the bathroom, changing diapers, preparing, serving, or eating food.
Stay Away from People: when YOU are sick, when THEY are sick

26. Journal Entry #8.1
Pick three-(3) infectious diseases to investigate, answer the following questions concerning each in your health journal:
Write a paragraph about the disease. Explain what happens when a person contracts the disease; is the disease a result of direct or indirect contact
Is the disease communicable, transferrable or spreadable? Explain your answer (it may be all three but you will need to explain how it is all three)
What causes the disease? (Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Rickettsia, or Protozoa?
What is the best way to prevent the disease?
What would be the best method to prevent the disease?
(You must answer all of these questions for each of the three-(3) diseases that you choose!)

27. References
Merki, M.B. & Merki, D. (1999). Glencoe health a guide to wellness. New York, New York. Glencoe McGraw- Hill Publishing