2. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 A lesson for the 8 th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring 2008

3. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 What will you learn? Causes of infectious diseases –Who, What, Where? Common infectious diseases –Bacterial –Viral Preventing infectious diseases –Active immunity –Passive immunity

4. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Infectious Diseases “Disease caused by organisms that enter the human body and multiply.” The history –Since the beginning of time.

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6. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 What is the cause? Most infections are caused by pathogens. Pathogens live on all surfaces Can spread through many different vectors and vehicles.

7. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 5 Causes 1. Bacterial 2. Viral 3. Fungi 4. Protozoan 5. Rickettsias

8. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 The Virus vs. The Bacteria Bacterial Most are harmless Causes most respiratory illnesses Can be cured by antibiotics Viral Causes the most illnesses Causes most forms of the common cold Cannot be cured by antibiotics

9. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Spreading it around Direct Contact Indirect Contact Animals Vectors Vehicles Inanimate Objects Environment

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12. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Getting Sick is Never Fun Common Cold Influenza Tuberculosis Strep Throat Encephalitis Meningitis Mononucleosis

13. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold What is it? –Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat) How did I get it? –Droplets in the air –Hand-to-Hand contact –Handling Contaminated Objects

14. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold What are the symptoms? –Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus. –Runny or Stuffy Nose –Sneezing –Sore Throat –Cough –Congestion –Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)

15. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold How do I treat it? –No cure –Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses –Pain Relievers –Decongestant Nasal Sprays –Cough Syrups

16. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Influenza (The Flu) What is it? Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs) How did I get it? Spread through droplets in the air What are the symptoms? High grade fever (101 F) Chills and Sweats Dry Cough Headache Body aches & weakness Congestion

17. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Influenza (The Flu) How do I treat it? –Bed Rest –Plenty of fluids –Antiviral Medications may be prescribed by doctor –Get your flu shot!!!

18. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis What is it? –Bacterial infection that affects your lungs –TB infection vs. active TB –Very dangerous! (active TB) How did I get it? –Highly contagious (active TB) –Spread through droplets in the air

19. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis What are the symptoms TB infection: –No symptoms –Not contagious Active TB: –Cough lasting 3 or more weeks –Pain with breathing & coughing –Slight Fever –Unexplained weight loss –Chills –Night Sweats

20. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis How do I treat it? TB infection: –TB medication INH used for 6-9 months Active TB: –Several TB medications –Hospitalization

21. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Strep Throat What is it? –Bacterial throat infection How did I get it? –Streptococcal bacteria –Highly contagious –Bacteria spread through droplets in air What are the symptoms? –Sore throat –Red, swollen tonsils –Swollen, tender lymph glands (in neck) –Fever –Headache

22. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Strep Throat How do I treat it? –Antibiotics Treating strep is very important!

23. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Encephalitis What is it? –Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain –Can be life-threatening How did I get it? –Insects –Other viruses

24. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Encephalitis What are the symptoms? –Drowsiness –Seizures –Sudden Fever –Severe Headache –Nausea and Vomiting –Stiff neck How do I treat it? –Mild infections: Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids –More severe infections: anti-viral drugs

25. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis What is it? –Inflammation of the meninges –Can be viral or bacterial –Meningococcal Meningitis How did I get it? –Spread through air droplets and direct contact with an infected person

26. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis What are the symptoms? –High fever –Severe headache –Vomiting and nausea –Seizures –Confusion –Sleepiness

27. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis How do I treat it? –Meningococcal Vaccine available! –Bacterial meningitis: Immediate treatment VERY IMPORTANT Requires IV antibiotics

28. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Mononucleosis What is it? –Mono- “The Kissing Disease” –Virus How did I get it? –Virus is transmitted through saliva

29. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Mononucleosis What are the symptoms? –Weakness –Sore throat –Fever –Swollen lymph nodes & tonsils –Skin rash How do I treat it? –Bed Rest –Plenty of fluids

30. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Lets Experiment with Each Other Get up & Move around the classroom Only get 3 signatures from your classmates Follow instructions carefully. Have fun!

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32. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 How? Active Immunity –Life long immunity –Developed over time Ex: –Disease A: Chicken Pox –Bacteria A –Bacteria Aa Passive Immunity –Temporary immunity Few months –Mother to baby

33. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Vaccines 3 major types –Live Virus Made from weakened virus strain –Killed Virus Cause body to produce antibodies –Toxoids Destroys toxic properties

34. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Impact of Meningitis Vaccine

35. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 It’s Common Sense! Always wash your hands Keep your house clean If someone is sick do not: –Kiss –Hug –Be in close contact Never share your toothbrush The “five second rule” does not exist. Cook food completely Maintain healthy diet

36. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Community Resources Alachua County Health Department 224 SE 24th St. Gainesville, FL 32641 (352)334-7900 School Nurse American Red Cross 1724 NE 2nd St Gainesville, FL 32609 (352) 376-4669