1. Religion and Education Michael Itagaki Sociology 101, Introduction to Sociology

2. Religion “Only the heart can hold the intangible…”  Help us answer questions science can’t  existence of God  the purpose of life  morality  Irreplaceable

3. Religion Durkheim’s three elements of religion  Beliefs  Practices  Moral community

4. Religion: Functionalist view Functions of religion  Answer “meaning of life” questions  Provide emotional comfort  Unite community that shares values  Provide guidelines for life.

5. Religion: Functionalist view Functions of religion  Control behavior  Help people adapt to new environments  Provide support for the government  Spearhead social change

6. Religion-Functionalist view Dysfunctions  War  Persecution

7. Religion: Symbolic Interactionist View Symbols Rituals Beliefs

8. Religion: Symbolic Interactionist View Symbols  Shared meaning, solidarity

9. Religion: Symbolic Interactionist View Rituals  Repetitive practices  Moral community: closeness to God, foster unity within group

10. Religion: Symbolic Interactionist View Beliefs  Values; Cosmology

11. Religion: Symbolic Interactionist View Symbols Rituals Beliefs

12. Religion: Conflict View Critical of religion Marx  Repressed workers retreat to religion  “Opium of the people”  Legitimation of social inequality

13. Religion: In the United States Weber: Protestant Work Ethic Stratification  Diversity  10 am-11 am on Sundays: Most segregated hour in the United States

14. Education and Industrialization Credential societies  Diplomas, degrees = sorting devices  Education related to economy

15. Education and Functionalism Teaching knowledge and skills Manifest function  Transmit knowledge Latent functions  Maintain social control  Cultural transmission of values  Social integration

16. Education and Functionalism Latent functions  Maintain social control  Cultural transmission of values  Social integration  Gatekeeping  Meritocracy: Who can work where?  Tracking: Vocational vs. Ivy League?

17. Education and Conflict Theory System perpetuates social inequality  Funneling effects  Income Education  Family over achievement Figure 13.2 - The Funneling Effects of Education: Race and Ethnicity. Page 349

18. Education and Conflict Theory System perpetuates social inequality Hidden curriculum  Obedience to authority  Conformity to norms

19. Education and Conflict Theory Hidden curriculum:  Ex. language and “manners”  Social class lines: middle vs. working

20. Education and Conflict Theory Hidden curriculum:  “Breaking through Barriers” p. 353-54; 508-09

21. Education and Conflict Theory Cultural bias  IQ or SAT test scores  A symphony is to a composer as a book is to a(n) ___________. a) paperb) sculptorc) musician d) authore) man

22. Education and Conflict Theory Tracking revisited  Reinforcement of inequality?  Social class  Elite = More $$, more time to study  School: derived from Greek word for leisure

23. Education and Symbolic Interactionism Teachers’ expectations impact students  Rist Research  Divide class into groups: fast, avg, slow Social class basis for splits  High achievers: High expectations; Low expectations: low achievement  Labels followed children through school Self-fulfilling prophecy

24. Agency and Interactionism SOCIETY INDIVIDUAL