2. Fish & Amphibian Jeopardy 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 Fish GeneralFish Classification Amphibians General Amphibians Classification Hemichordata & Chordata Final Jeopardy

3. In what way are fish able to maximize the oxygen exchange at their gills? 2

4. Countercurrent-exchange system in which blood and water flow in opposite directions. 3

5. 4 Denticles Operculum Lateral Line Ampullae of Lorenzini Swim Bladder Matching Covering over the gills Sense vibrations in water Detect EM fields Adjust buoyancy Reduce hydrodynamic drag

6. 5 Denticles Operculum Lateral Line Ampullae of Lorenzini Swim Bladder Matching Covering over the gills Sense vibrations in water Detect EM fields Adjust buoyancy Reduce hydrodynamic drag

7. 6 Compare & contrast the three birthing methods found in vertebrates

8. 7 Oviparous – lay eggs that hatch outside the body Ovoviviparous – allow eggs to hatch inside the body and then young are birthed alive Viviparous – mother directly nourishes the young which are then born alive

9. 8 Name and describe the three types of caudal fins that may be found in fish

10. 9

11. 10

12. 11

13. 12 Skate or Ray?

14. 13 Skate Ray

15. 14 What are the three Classes of fish and what do the words actually mean?

16. 15 Agnatha – Jawless Fish Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fish Osteichthyes – Bony Fish

17. 16 Describe the difference between bony fish in Subclass Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii. Which one has more evolutionary significance for tetrapods?

18. 17 Actinopterygii – Ray finned fish with fins attached at multiple points Sarcopterygii – Lobe finned fish with fins attached at a single point Tetrapods evolved out of the Sarco line

19. 18

20. 19 Bichir Sturgeon Bowfin Paddlefish Gar

21. 20

22. 21

23. 22 What are two differences between the circulatory systems of fish & amphibians?

24. 23 Fish – 2-chambered heart and a single-circuit system Amphibians – 3-chambered heart and a dual-circuit system

25. 24 What is the name for an amphibian’s ability to breathe through its skin and why does this cause amphibians to be more susceptible to environmental toxins?

26. 25 Cutaneous Respiration Capillaries close to the skin surface allow toxins to absorb into the blood stream along with gasses

27. 26 Define the following terms: Paedomorphosis Amplexus

28. 27 Paedomorphosis – the retention of juvenile traits in the adult form Amplexus – frog reproduction strategy in which the male mounts the female, squeezes out her eggs, and then sprays them with sperm

29. 28

30. 29

31. 30 Compare & Contrast the reproductive cycles of frogs versus salamanders

32. 31

33. 32 Describe the difference between the skin of frogs versus toads and how the skin relates to the lungs.

34. 33 Frog skin is wetter and smoother than toad skin. This is because frogs live in wetter environments and rely more on cutaneous respiration than toads. Toads have better lungs and are thus not as reliant on their skin for gas exchange

35. 34 What is the name of the first transitional animal that was able to spend any real time on land thus linking the fish and amphibian lines?

36. 35 Tiktaalik

37. 36

38. 37 CaecilianMudpuppy Newt Poison Dart Frog

39. 38 What are the three Orders of Class Amphibia and what specific amphibians reside in each Order?

40. 39 Apoda – Caecilians Anura – Frogs & Toads Caudata – Salamanders

41. 40 What are the two salamander Families and what is the basis for the distinction between members of the two Families?

42. 41 Salamandridae- True Salamanders Plethodontidae – Lungless Salamanders

43. 42 Name the 5 types of Vertebrates. Which one is not a Tetrapod?

44. 37 Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals Fish are not tetrapods

45. 44 Name the animal and Phylum/Subphylum

46. 45 Lancelet Cephalochordata Acorn Worm Hemichordata Sea Squirt Urochordata

47. 46 Hemichordates seem to bridge the gap between the Chordates and the lesser animals by the their nervous system is oriented. Explain…

48. 47 Half of the nervous system is oriented ventrally like the lesser animals and the other half is oriented dorsally like the Chordates

49. 48 Urochordates seem to “de-evolve” during their lifespan. To what “de-evolution” is this question referring?

50. 49As they grow from their larval form to an adult, Urochordates lose their cephalization, their mobility, and their notochord while their nerve cord almost disappears completely

51. 50 What are the seven characteristics shared by all members of phylum Chordata in at least some portion of their lifespan?

52. 51 Bilateral Symmetry Segmented Muscles Dorsal Nerve Cord Notochord Deuterostomes Pharyngeal Gill Slits Post-anal Tail

53. 52

54. 53