1. College of Management and Technology CRITICAL HEAT FLUX Lewis Kiely

2. College of Management and Technology Introduction What is Critical Heat Flux? Why is it important? What I am doing

3. College of Management and Technology Heat Flux Single Phase Liquid Bubbly Flow Slug Flow Annular Flow Annular Flow with Entrainment Drop Flow Single Phase Vapour Heat flow between two mediums A metal element and water as a coolant Water removes heat from surface Different boiling regimes occur

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5. Critical Heat Flux and Nuclear Reactors Reactors designed to avoid CHF To avoid CHF, point of CHF needs to be predicted Predicted using empirical correlations and look up tables Correlations are not very accurate

6. College of Management and Technology Previous Work Heated elements in pool Elements broke as too hot New design: cut out from brass block Heated surface should not melt as heat dissipates into surrounding plate.

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8. Previous Set Up Brass block surrounded by a polythene block with flow channel Two cartridge heaters in brass block controlled by temperature controller.

9. College of Management and Technology Previous Set Up Surface temperature, temperatures of the water entering and leaving the channel are recorded on a computer using a data logger

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11. Problems With Original Design Polythene block starts to soften and deform at ~120°C Perspex window turns cloudy when in contact with boiling water for an extended period of time (~20mins) Wide channel flowing into a small pipe disrupts flow of water Channel can only be viewed from front It leaks!

12. College of Management and Technology New Design Allow side view as well as front view of channel More heat resistant materials used, allowing higher temperature - achieving Critical Heat Flux! Larger outlet, reducing unintentional flow restriction No more leaks!

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14. New Design-The Problems Material chosen to replace polythene block, Tufnol, is not possible to machine on site Machineable ceramic also investigated, but very expensive! Channel will require more heat resistant material, such as glass

15. College of Management and Technology Current State Plate on brass block has been extended End pieces of channel made Glass for channel needs to be cut and channel formed

16. College of Management and Technology Acknowledgements Dr Paul Chard-Tuckey - Supervisor, group manager Simon Jewer - Line manager Dr Ian Giles - UDS project manager, DE&S, Abbey Wood in Bristol Samantha Morris- Placement coordinator Terry McCarthy - Lab assistant Dr Steve Andrews - Placement tutor Jamieson Lock - Co-placement student

17. College of Management and Technology Any Questions?