1. Hot Water Bath Canning

2. Why do we want to preserve foods at home?

3. How do we preserve foods? Refrigeration and Freezing Heat Processing canning, pasteurization, blanching Fermentation Control of Moisture drying, adding sugar or salt

4. Heat Processing Blanching Short heating to stop enzymes, soften tissue, prevent color loss and remove air from tissue Pasteurization Mild heat treatment designed to stop enzymes, destroy growing bacteria and kill yeast and molds (milk, juice, pickles, jam) Canning (commercially sterile) High heat to destroy harmful microbes

5. Pressure Canner processes foods at 240˚F or 250˚F used for low acid foods meats, vegetables Hot Water Bath Canner processes foods at 212˚F used only for high acid foods fruits, pickles 2 Types of Canning

6. High or Low Acid? Magic Number... low pH high acid water bath canner <> high pH low acid pressure canner ONLY! 4.6 pH

7. Food pH less than 4.6 –fruit, pickled products –boiling water canning is sufficient to destroy cells of Clostridium botulinum; spores no problem Food pH greater than 4.6 –meat, vegetables, poultry, fish –use pressure canner to heat at HIGH temperature to destroy Clostridium botulinum spores

8. Food pH egg white8.0 shrimp7 milk6.6 corn, melon6.3 peas, potatoes6.2 chicken, meat6 cheese5.5 bananas, figs4.6 tomatoes4.0 – 4.6 pears, peaches3.5 - 3.9 apples3.1 lemons, limes2

9. Strawberry Jam Salsa high acidity = hot water bath

10. Equipment

11. use threaded home-canning jars with 2-piece lids free of cracks and chips wash empty jars in hot soapy water and rinse well before use if your process time is under 10 minutes in a water bath canner, jars must be pre- sterilized – full rolling boil for 10 minutes Jars

12. use 2-piece lid with a self-sealing lid and ring use lids within 1 year of purchase follow manufacturers directions in preparing lids for use do not use old, dented, deformed lids Lids

13. Proper Canning Practices Select good quality food

14. Pre – heating the Canner Fill boiling water bath canner with correct amount of water and begin heating Can adjust water level after adding jars 1 – 2 inches above tops of jars

15. Check jars to be sure they are free of nicks and cracks Wash jars and screw bands in hot soapy water If processing time is under 10 minutes, sterilized jars by boiling for 10 minutes Heat flat lids as directed by manufacturer remember to use new lids each time! Prepare jars and lids

16. Hot Pack vs Raw Pack Raw pack unheated foods packed directly into jars boiling hot water, syrup or juice poured over food packed tightly to adjust for shrinkage during processing will tend float in jars due to less air removed (especially fruit) better suited to processing vegetables in a pressure canner Hot pack food heated to boiling, simmered 3 – 5 minutes hot food packed into jars, boiling liquid added best way to remove air increases amount of food added to each jar over time, color and flavor will hold up better than raw packed foods Enough syrup, water or juice to fill around the solid food and cover the food

17. Fill jars with hot food Headspace space between underside of lid and top of food Remove air bubbles use a flat plastic or wooden spatula Place lids wipe jar rim with a clean wet rag before placing heated lid Tighten screw bands fingertip tight Filling jars

18. Fill canner half full of hot water and begin heating before preparing food. add a splash of white vinegar to water to prevent hard water build-up on jars Place jars in rack on bottom of canner. Add more boiling water, if necessary. water should be 1 – 2 inches above tops of jars Cover canner and start timing when water returns to a vigorous boil. When recommended time is up, turn off heat and remove the canner lid. Wait 5 minutes before removing jars. Canning

19. Remove jars with lifter, one at a time Place hot jars directly on dry towels leave one inch of space between jars during cooling Cool 12 – 24 hours do not disturb!! After cool, test seals Storage remove screw bands wash lid and jar to remove any residue label and date store in clean, cool, dark, dry place Removing jars

20. High Acid Tomatoes –use only high quality fruit –use paste tomatoes for a thicker product –add tomato paste or drain off excess liquid if using a slicing tomato SALSA Low Acid Peppers –substitutions okay, but keep the amount the same Onions, garlic & other veggies –don’t increase before canning

21. ?Favorite cookbook recipes ?Salsa is too thin ?Substituting peppers ?Adding more onions or garlic ?Pressure canning salsa ?Using quart jars Common Questions

22. 4 components for success 1.Fruit - top quality, ripe fruit 2.Acid - needed for gel formation 3.Pectin - carbohydrate that forms a gel 4.Sugar - providing sweetness and quality Jams & Jellies

23. Some fruits have enough natural pectin for jams and jelliesSome fruits have enough natural pectin for jams and jellies Commercial pectin made from apples or citrus fruitsCommercial pectin made from apples or citrus fruits Powdered or liquid, not interchangablePowdered or liquid, not interchangable Advantages to added pectinAdvantages to added pectin Fully ripe fruit can be used Cooking time is shorter and predetermined Greater yield from a given amount of fruit Greater yield from a given amount of fruit Store in a cool, dry place so it will keep it’s gel strength. Use within one year.Store in a cool, dry place so it will keep it’s gel strength. Use within one year. Pectin

24. Use the proper pectinUse the proper pectin –Powdered and liquid are not interchangeable Don’t skimp on sugarDon’t skimp on sugar –Use low- or no-sugar pectin if desired; artificial sweeteners aren’t recommended Make small batchesMake small batches Pre-sterilize jarsPre-sterilize jars –Destroys yeast and mold Tips for success

25. Remake Instructions ORSyrup! When things just don’t work…

26. ?Fruit floats to top ?Moldy Jam ?Paraffin ?Hot water bath ?Others? Common Questions

27. Approved Resources Wisconsin Safe Food Preservation Series www.wisc.edu/foodsafety/ www.wisc.edu/foodsafety/ Ball Blue Book (1997 edition or later) USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning & National Center for Home Food Preservation www.uga.edu/nchfp www.uga.edu/nchfp So Easy to Preserve www.uga.edu/nchfpwww.uga.edu/nchfp