1. Vision and Pathways S Gautam

2. Vision

4. Pathways

5. Superior Temporal Quadrantanopia How is it caused at the optic chiasm?

8. Pupils Horner’s Syndrome –Sympathetic injury –One sided pupillary constriction –Ptosis Caused by anything injuring sympathetic chain or pathway

10. Homes Adie Pupil –Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve damage –Tonically dilated pupil –Slow to constrict –Absent tendon reflexes –Excessive sweating

11. Argyll Robertson Pupil –Prostitute’s pupil (accommodates but doesn’t react) –Specific to syphilis (treponema pallidum) –Uncommon these days

13. Amaurosis Fugax Sudden visual loss Painless Fleeting to minutes ‘Curtain’ across the vision Ipsilateral carotid or ophthalmic artery

14. Holmes Adie Pupil

15. Vitreous Haemorrhage Painless loss of vision Unilateral Floaters, cobweb, haze, shadow High myopia risk factor Can be precursor for detachment

17. Retinal Vein Occlusion Loss of vision Usually on awakening Underlying coag. disorders Flame haemorrhages Risk Factors –DM –Smoking –Hyperlipidemia

19. Retinal Artery Occlusion Almost instant loss of vision Painless Usually elderly >60 Pale retina Cherry red spot (foveola) Preceding amaurosis fugax

23. Thank You