1. The Byzantine Empire AD

2. Rise of the Byzantine Empire
Roman Emperor Constantine moves the capital from Rome to eastern city of Byzantium
Western half of old Roman Empire falls into “Dark Ages”
Eastern half of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire

3. The New Roman Empire Still thought of themselves as the Roman Empire
Official language would switch from Latin to Greek
Very rich and wealthy empire

4. Geography of Constantinople
Water on three sides
Located on a strait connecting Black Sea and Mediterranean
Key trading location between Europe, Africa, and Asia

5. Byzantine Culture Cultural Tradition from Greeks
Religion Based Culture
Christianity center of Byzantine art, education, and life

6. Theodosian Walls Kept Constantinople safe from Foreign Invasion
Deterred Attila the Hun from ever entering City
Walls kept city from falling for another 1000 years after their construction

7. Theodosian Walls
Had three separate walls set up in layers to protect the city from invaders

9. The Golden Age of Byzantine
527 AD Emperor Justinian takes power
Not popular at start of his rule
High taxes
Cold, not very likeable

10. Empress Theodora Former Actress and Prostitute
Strong advocate for woman’s rights.

11. Nika Riots of 532 Blues vs Greens - factions Riots lead to arrests
Justinian orders 1 green and 1 blue to death escape and protest begin
Hippodrome

12. Nika Riots
Rioters begin attacking Justinian’s palace for 5 days and Senators whom had opposed Justinian began plotting with groups to unite and overthrow Justinian
Nika = Win
Theodora convinced Justinian not to flee city during Nika Rebellion
Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress." - Theodora

13. The Plan Use force Have groups meet at Hippodrome Pay off Blues
Kill Greens

14. Golden Age Continued Rebuilds City Infrastructure
After Nika Rebellion Justinian starts Construction projects
Rebuilds City Infrastructure
Builds the Hagia Sophia

15. The Hagia Sophia
Outside
Inside

16. Expansion by Justinian
Starts expansive military campaign
Temporarily regained control over much of the old Roman Empire
Would eventually be lost again over time

17. Byzantine Empire under Justinian
Control over these regions would not last long after Justinian's death

18. Justinian Code Formal Code of law that Governed the Empire
Legal code from Justinian era till end of the Empire
A improved version of Roman Law

19. Significance
***Justinian’s Code would become the basis for European law in the future***

20. Byzantine Religion
Byzantine Empire brings drastic Change for Christianity
Rome no longer important city to the Byzantine people and rulers
Lack of Contact between Pope in Rome, and the papacy in the East
Breakdown in authority over the church

21. Byzantine Religion Continued
Religion in East controlled by ruling emperor and Patriarch
Patriarch a term for Lead Bishop in the East
Byzantine Emperors and Patriarchs often conflict with Pope

22. Icons Icons used by Christians in the east to aid in worship
Controversy over use
Some saw it as idle worship
Leo III banned Icon use in 730AD

23. Icon Controversy
King Leo III’s ban on Icon led to period of Iconoclasm (Icon smashing)
Smash Icons to end improper worship
Pope claimed a Emperor had no authority to deal in issues of the Christian church

24. Emperor’s Response
Claimed authority over religious decisions within his empire
Byzantines viewed Emperor as decisive voice in Christian governance, and practice

25. Great Schism
Issues continue between papacy in east and west over issues such as:
Pope’s authority over all matters of Christianity
Church’s right to tax the citizens of the Byzantine empire
Priest’s right to get married
Languages used in church services

26. Great Schism 1054 AD the Christian Church Splits
The patriarch and Pope excommunicate each other
Papacy in east forms the Eastern Orthodox church
Pope and western churches remain the Roman catholic church

27. The two Churches Services Conducted in Latin
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Services Conducted in Latin
Pope has authority over all bishops
Pope has authority over all kings and emperors
Priests can not marry
Services Conducted in Greek
Patriarch and other bishops head the church
Emperor has authority over Patriarch
Priests can marry

28. Spread of EOC Opening up trade with Russia
Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread EOC to Slavs (Russians)
St. Cyril and St. Methodius most successful missionaries

29. Cyrillic Alphabet
St. Cyril and St. Methodius Designed Cyrillic Alphabet
Allowed Slavs to read bible in native language

30. Cyrillic Alphabet
Christianity now spread through Russian areas as the people could now read the Bible in their own language

31. Byzantine and Roman Empires
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Capitol: Constantinople
Spoke Greek
Education religion based
Art emphasized holiness and spirituality
Eastern Orthodox Christian
Fixed
Capitol: Rome
Spoke Latin
Education science based
Art emphasized beauty and physical appearance
Roman Catholic
Expansive

32. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Black plague hit Empire during Emperor Justinian rein around 540 AD
Killed large percentage of population
From the Start of the Empire it was under constant attack
Over time Empire lost more and more territory

33. Empire Under Justinian

34. Byzantine Empire At the End

35. The Crusades
1204 AD the fourth crusade ends with Christians sacking the city of Constantinople
Attacks from Islamic and Russian armies shrunk the empire
Empire officially dies with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453

36. Legacy of Byzantine Empire
Preserved Culture of the Greeks and Romans
Great Schism split Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

37. Legacy Continued Justinian’s Code preserved Roman laws
Be basis for creation of laws in future European countries
Cyrillic Alphabet allowed for spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity into Russia