1. Period One Critical Lens Literature Review

2. The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger Holden Caulfield (main character, protagonist/antagonist) Been through several private schools, his family is rich, he lies a lot, 16 years old, whiny, younger brother Allie died of leukemia, hates phonies, but yet is a phony (ironic—hypocritical), insecure, mentally unstable (and also physically ill) Conflict (internal): should he go home and tell his parents? Allie’s death (getting over it), Sunny (the prostitute) Conflict (external): Stradlater v. Holden (over Jane), Holden vs. Maurice (the pimp), Holden v. Jane (he likes her), Holden vs. curiosity (alcohol, cigarettes), Holden vs. society (he has problems with people) Theme: Innocence is precious. Symbolism (the hat=unique/shelter/”people-hunting hat”) Where do the ducks go in winter? Permanence/he can come back

3. To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee Tom Robinson (black), Scout (narrator, little girl), Jem (her older brother), Atticus Finch (her dad, the lawyer representing Tom), Boo Radley (quiet neighbor who saves the kids), Ewell family (Mayellen—accuses Tom, Bob Ewell—the dad) Symbolism: the objects in the tree (the kids) Conflict (external): Tom vs. the town (racism, the trial—he tries to run away and is killed), Atticus vs. society (defending a black man), Bob Ewell vs. kids/Boo Setting: Alabama in the Great Depression

4. Macbeth, William Shakespeare Macbeth (main character—not really the protagonist, not really the antagonist), Lady Macbeth (antagonist), Duncan (king killed by Macbeth), the witches (they make three predictions at the beginning and at the end), Banquo (M’s best friend—killed by Macbeth’s assassins), Macduff (he kills Macbeth) Foreshadowing: the witches Irony: the “no man of woman born” deal, dramatic irony— planning to kill Duncan, Banquo’s ghost Imagery: creepy, evil imagery (blood, darkness, trees, evil animals, etc. etc.)

5. Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck Lenny (the slow one, childlike, very large) and George (small, intelligent); Curly (whiny, inherited the ranch), Curly’s wife (all the guys want her, flirtatious, Lenny kills her) Foreshadowing: Lenny kills the puppy, the girl in the beginning Setting: Great Depression, ranchland—they want their own land (the American Dream) George kills Lenny by the water (he shoots him) in order to protect him from the mob

6. Lord of the Flies, William Golding Piggy (he dies—the boulder), Simon (the hunters kill him because they think he’s the beast), Ralph (protagonist), Jack (antagonist) Setting: WWII (being evacuated from England), plane crashes on an island with no adults Symbolism: Glasses—intelligence Conch shell—civilization, democracy, order Pig’s head—corruption, evil, fear The Beast—fear

7. Othello, William Shakespeare Othello (protagonist), Desdemona (his wife), Iago (antagonist) Backstabbing—manipulation Irony: dramatic irony (Iago’s soliloquies—speeches that only the audience can hear) Tragedy—Othello kills Desdemona out of jealousy for a fake affair