1. Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)

2. Confronting the Issue of Slavery
Chapter 21
Section 2

3. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Process for forming new states
Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal

5. Questions About Missouri
Northerners questioned whether Missouri should be slave or free
Allowing Missouri to be entered as a slave state would open slavery to the Louisiana Territory and beyond
A northerner’s nightmare

6. The Tallmadge Amendment
Rep. James Tallmadge suggested that Missouri could only be entered as free
Sparked debate on states’ rights and slavery

7. A Deadlocked Congress North had more representatives in the House
Equal in the Senate
Southern senators able to block anti-slave laws
Missouri would change that

8. A Deadlocked Congress (continued)
Tallmadge Amendment awakened strong anti-slavery feelings
Anti-Slavery petitions sent to Congress
House approved Tallmadge Amendment
Defeated in Senate

9. The Missouri compromise
Chapter 21
Section 3

10. The Missouri Compromise
Congress returned to the debate in 1820
Maine was trying to achieve statehood as a free state
Southerners threatening secession and civil war

11. A Compromise is Reached
Compromise crafted by Rep. Henry Clay
Admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free
Drew a line through the Louisiana Territory
North of the line = Future free states
South of the line = Future slave states

13. Reactions to the Compromise
Unpopular decision
Northerners viewed it as the easy way out
Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in future western states

14. The Missouri Compromise Unravels
Chapter 21
Section 4

15. The “Gag Rule” Abolitionist movement flooded Congress with petitions
Abolitionists wanted Congress to question slavery in the District of Columbia
Congress decided to set aside all anti- slavery petitions and “gag” all debate on the issue

16. The “Gag Rule” (continued)
John Quincy Adams proposed that no one could be born into slavery after 1845
Congress refused his proposal

17. Southern Fears Nat Turner’s rebellion created fear in the south
Created stricter laws on transport of slaves
Reward for arresting abolitionists

18. Fugitive Slaves

19. Slavery in the Territories
Gag rule delayed the slavery debate for 10 years
Wilmot Proviso added to a bill requesting funds for Mexican-American War
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in the territory acquired from Mexico

20. Slavery in the Territories (continued)
Southerners opposed the Wilmot Proviso
Passed in the House
Rejected in Senate

21. Statehood for California
Southerners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
Rejected by Northerners
Applied for statehood in as a free state

22. Statehood for California (continued)
California would upset the balance between slave and free states
Deadlocked Congress once again
South continued threats of secession

23. The compromise of 1850
Chapter 21
Section 5

24. Something for Everyone
Henry Clay’s plan
Admitted California
Allowed N. Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery
Ended slavery in D.C.

25. Something for Everyone (continued)
Called for passing a strong fugitive slave act
Made it easier to find and reclaim runaway slaves

26. The Compromise is Accepted
Congress debated Clay’s compromise for 9 months
Accepted in 1850 after heated discussion and threats of civil war

27. The Compromise of 1850 Fails
Chapter 21
Section 6

29. The Fugitive Slave Act
Southerners did not do enough to ensure the success of the act
Northerners did not want to enforce the act
Denied all rights of captured slaves

30. The Fugitive Slave Act (continued)
Jailed people who helped escaped slaves
Northerners ridiculed slave catchers
Almost impossible to catch slaves in the north

31. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
First published as short stories in an abolitionist newspaper
Published in 1852 as a full novel

32. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Ostend Manifesto was a message sent from three American diplomats to the Secretary of State
President Pierce was trying to purchase Cuba
The message called for the seizure of Cuba by force
Northerners believed Cuba was going to be a slave state

33. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)
Wanted to build a railroad to California
Believed the project would happen if the Great Plains was organized into states

34. The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued)
Kansas and Nebraska Act
Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska (obviously)
Abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed citizens of a territory to vote to allow slavery

36. Bloodshed in Kansas Most new settlers were peaceful farmers
Others came to support or oppose slavery
Two separate governments created

37. Bloodshed in Kansas (continued)
On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery activists burned hotels, looted homes, destroyed printing presses
In response, John Brown and his sons killed five slave supporters with swords

39. Violence in Congress
Senator Charles Sumner suspected Stephen Douglass had tried to make Kansas a slave state
Sumner described the “crimes against Kansas” as being in favor of slavery

40. Violence in Congress (continued)
Sumner verbally attacked Senator Butler on his pro- slavery stance
Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew beat Sumner with a metal tipped cane on the senate floor

41. Violence in Congress (continued)
Took Sumner over 3 years to recover
Southerners applauded Brooks
Sent him replacement canes

42. The Dred Scott Decision
Chapter 21
Section 7

43. The Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a slave who traveled to Wisconsin with his master
Slavery was banned in Wisconsin
Scott claimed that his stay in Wisconsin made him free

44. Questions of the Case 9 Supreme Court Justices total
5 from the south
4 from the north
Was Dred Scott a citizen?
Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man?

45. Two Judicial Bombshells
Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen
No African American could ever become a citizen
The Missouri compromise was unconstitutional

46. Two Judicial Bombshells
The Dred Scott decision opened slavery to all territories
Protected “property rights” of slave owners
Outraged Northerners

48. From Compromise To conflict
Chapter 21
Section 8

49. From Compromise to Crisis
Republican Party forms with anti-slavery beliefs
Abraham Lincoln nominated to run for Senate as a Republican

50. The Lincoln-Douglass Debates
Stephen Douglass believed in half free, half slave
Lincoln believed slavery was a moral issue
Lincoln lost the election but turned into a national figure

51. John Brown’s Raid Anti-slavery extremist
Wanted to capture guns and ammo to create slave revolts
Raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA

52. John Brown’s Raid (continued)
All of Brown’s followers either captured or killed
Told followers: You "will never get out alive"
Many Northerners believed Brown was a hero

54. The Election of 1860 and secession
Chapter 21
Section 9

55. The Election of 1860 and Secession
Republicans unite behind Lincoln
Democrats split between north and south
Constitutional Union Party forms

56. Abraham Lincoln is Elected President
Division in parties allows Lincoln to be elected president
South now in the minority
Feared the abolishment of slavery

58. The South Secedes from the Union
Lincoln would not interfere with slavery in the south
He would enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
He would not allow slavery to extend to the territories

59. The South Secedes from the Union
South Carolina is the first state to leave the United States
Six states follow
Formed the Confederate States of America February, 1861

62. The Civil War Begins Lincoln becomes president March 4th, 1861
Declares secession wrong and unconstitutional
Attack on Fort Sumter by the Confederates

69. The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter surrendered after 33 hours
Wave of patriotism in the North
Showed that the South was not afraid of using force
Official beginning of the Civil War