1. Manchuria

2. Manchuria The Nationalist government of China led The Nationalist government of China led by Chiang Kai-shek was weak, corrupt by Chiang Kai-shek was weak, corrupt and busy fighting the Communists. and busy fighting the Communists. Due to the serious effects of the Great Due to the serious effects of the Great Depression, Japan Depression, Japan wanted to build an empire to secure wanted to build an empire to secure supplies of raw materials. supplies of raw materials. The Japanese government was controlled by the The Japanese government was controlled by the army army China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese army China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese army ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea. ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea.

3. Manchuria

4. Manchuria Sept 1931: There was some vandalism on the Sept 1931: There was some vandalism on the Manchurian railway; Japan claimed the Chinese Manchurian railway; Japan claimed the Chinese had sabotaged the railway. had sabotaged the railway. They invaded Manchuria and set up the They invaded Manchuria and set up the 'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) state of 'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) state of Manchukuo under the former Emperor of China, Manchukuo under the former Emperor of China, Pu YI Pu YI China appealed to the League. China appealed to the League.

5. Manchuria Dec 1931: the League appointed a commission Dec 1931: the League appointed a commission led by Lord Lytton to investigate. led by Lord Lytton to investigate. He did not go to Manchuria until April 1932 He did not go to Manchuria until April 1932 and did not report until October. and did not report until October. Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Japan was Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Japan was the aggressor and should leave. the aggressor and should leave. 24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that Japan 24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that Japan should leave Manchuria should leave Manchuria Japan walked out of the meeting. Japan walked out of the meeting.

6. Manchuria Japan stayed in Manchuria. Japan stayed in Manchuria. The League could not agree economic sanctions The League could not agree economic sanctions or an arms sales ban. or an arms sales ban. In 1933 Japan resigned from the League, and In 1933 Japan resigned from the League, and invaded/ conquered Jehol (next to Manchuria). invaded/ conquered Jehol (next to Manchuria).

7. Manchuria A SPECTACULAR failure: 1. The Japanese continued to expand: they kept Manchuria they kept Manchuria they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in 1937. they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in 1937.

8. Manchuria A SPECTACULAR failure: 2. The League was discredited/ Manchuria showed: It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a year) It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a year) A country could get its own way if it ignored it A country could get its own way if it ignored it ‘Collective security' was useless against big ‘Collective security' was useless against big countries - especially during the Great Depression. countries - especially during the Great Depression. Even the great powers within the League (Japan Even the great powers within the League (Japan was on the Council) were happy to ignore it. was on the Council) were happy to ignore it.. Selfish nationalism of Britain who knew that the incident occurred so far away and were concerned that Japan could threaten their interests in the Far East such as Singapore, Malaya,Hong Kong and the coveted trading routes to Australia and New Zealand.. Selfish nationalism of Britain who knew that the incident occurred so far away and were concerned that Japan could threaten their interests in the Far East such as Singapore, Malaya,Hong Kong and the coveted trading routes to Australia and New Zealand.