1. Chapter Four part 1 (pages 80-89 of your textbook) Tourism and preserving and protecting Natural Spaces

2. Important questions to be answered – In what ways do World Heritage Sites help to protect natural environments? –How can tourism help protect and also threaten natural areas? –In what ways did tourism help solve problems facing the Serengeti Plain in Africa? – What impact does whale watching have on the natural environment?

3. Key words and terms to learn (Find the definitions from the Glossary of your textbook) Biodiversity Biosphere Direct tourist spending Indirect tourist spending Intrinsic value Non-governmental organisations Poaching Safari savana

4. Tourism and Nature The earth’s natural spaces is extremely huge and national parks, biosphere reserves, trails, marine environments, and heritage sites –The treasures and the beautiful creatures that inhabit in this natural spaces attract tourists –The beauty of the natural spaces that attracted tourists can also cause to endanger it.

5. National Parks National parks around the world is one of the initiatives created to protect and preserve the fauna and flora for future generations. Resource extraction such as logging or mining are prohibited in the national parks. Parks are also created for promoting tourism and protecting endangered wildlife.

6. International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN) Defined national parks as areas of land or sea designated to –Protect ecosystems for present and future generations –Exclude uses or activities that harm the ecosystem –Provide spiritual, scientific, educational, and recreational activities for visitors

7. Biosphere Reserve Biosphere reserves are areas of land, marine or coastal ecosystems identified by UNESCO as areas of conservation and protection. These include, wilderness, species, cultures, and traditions –Goals for the preservation are; To protect the variety of life in these areas To be used for scientific research, education and tourism and recreation To allow the local communities to benefit from the resources In November 2000, UNESCO designated 391 reserves in 94 countries.

8. Trails Trails are pathways created overtime by frequent usage. –Trails include; hiking trails (the Trans Canada Trail- the longest hiking trail in the world), mountain trails, water trails for boaters –The trails keep travellers on route with the least negative impact on the environment.

9. Marine Environment The majority of programs to protect ecosystems were targeting terrestrial environments. There were also other programs designed to protect aquatic (water) environments from human activities. Aquatic environment includes; – Coral Reefs with its spectacular marine life attracts tourists for recreation –Freshwater lakes that attract tourists for recreation

10. World Heritage Sites (WHS) World Heritage Sites are special natural and cultural places protected by the United Nations for all citizens of the world. There are 690 of these sites and 13 of which are in Canada.

11. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation developed the idea of World Heritage Sites in 1977. To be eligible and to be recognised as a World Heritage Site, a location should have one or more of the following factors. –An outstanding example of the earth’s evolution –A spectacular feature and formation –An illustration of biological evolution –Rare fauna and flora –A demonstration of human/environment interaction.

12. Answer these questions How might having resource extraction, such as logging just outside a national park affect the natural environment inside the park? (see page 82 of your textbook) Why is it important to protect coral reefs? (See page 86 of your textbook) Explain the difference a biosphere reserve and a World Heritage Site. (see page 86-87 of your textbook)