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ICPLICPL
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ICPLICPL Internet Governance An Oxymoron? Stuart Lynn Former President, ICANN ICPL Cornell University June 28, 2005 An Oxymoron? Stuart Lynn Former President, ICANN ICPL Cornell University June 28, 2005
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ICPLICPL Governance of What? Technical Legal Policy Social Domain Names IP Addresses Spam Pornography Security Stability TLDs (Old & New) Access Intellectual Property Standards Competition Economic Pricing Languages & Scripts Scams Consumer Protection Identity Theft Privacy
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ICPLICPL Challenges Trans-jurisdictional Nations, states etc Rapid change Instant obsolescence Porous Open to “all” and “everything” Lack of ”situs” Anywhere, any place, any time Collaborative historical mantra Antithesis of governance Monitoring and compliance New paradigms daily Conflicting interests Trans-jurisdictional Nations, states etc Rapid change Instant obsolescence Porous Open to “all” and “everything” Lack of ”situs” Anywhere, any place, any time Collaborative historical mantra Antithesis of governance Monitoring and compliance New paradigms daily Conflicting interests
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ICPLICPL WSIS World Summit for an Information Society Geneva, 2003 – Tunis, 2005 www.itu.int/wsis World Summit for an Information Society Geneva, 2003 – Tunis, 2005 www.itu.int/wsis
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ICPLICPL WSIS Phase I The easy part High-level agreements Governance should be characterized by: Democratic & transparent processes Open participation Governments, private sector, civil society etc Avoidance of undue influence, capture Efficient management, decision-making Intervening Workshops WSIS Phase II: November, 2005 The easy part High-level agreements Governance should be characterized by: Democratic & transparent processes Open participation Governments, private sector, civil society etc Avoidance of undue influence, capture Efficient management, decision-making Intervening Workshops WSIS Phase II: November, 2005
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ICPLICPL What Is Internet Governance? Broad View Social Policy Issues Spam Cybercrime Terrorism Pornography Copyrights Economic Policy Issues Haves vs Have Nots Taxation Legal Enforcement Broad View Social Policy Issues Spam Cybercrime Terrorism Pornography Copyrights Economic Policy Issues Haves vs Have Nots Taxation Legal Enforcement Narrow View Central Coordination Names Numbers Etc Internet Stability ITU vs ICANN
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ICPLICPL How Did We Come To This?
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ICPLICPL The Domain Name System
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ICPLICPL Domain Names In place of a hard to remember number IP (Internet Protocol) address 128.82.48.10 Use an easy to remember domain name www.msl.net In place of a hard to remember number IP (Internet Protocol) address 128.82.48.10 Use an easy to remember domain name www.msl.net
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ICPLICPL The Domain Name Hierarchy.ebay.com.cnet.com.com.icann.org.biz........ www.abc.ke abc.ke.ke.abc.co.uk.co.uk.org.uk.uk.br....... The Root Root Top Level Domains Second Level Domains Global TLDsccTLDs Third Level Domains..edu
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ICPLICPL The Domain Name System Root Server Root Server Domain Name Resolver abc.msl.net?? IP Address of.net Registry IP Address of abc.msl.net Root Server USER ISP REGISTRIES.msl.net Registry IP Address of.msl.net Registry..net Registry Root Zone File ICANN NAMESERVERS Register Domain Names REGISTRARS ? ?
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ICPLICPL Brief History
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ICPLICPL The Evolving Internet Originally primarily academic & research Domain Name System launched in 1984 Coordinated by one man: Jon Postel NSF --> Dept. of Commerce Contract Internet commercialized in 1992 -1994 Web follows Seismic events Rapid changes Spectacular growth Charging for domain names More than a mnemonic: surrogate keyword DN: identifier --> identity Cybersquatters and trademarks Civil libertarians National interests: resentment of role of USG Growth of ccTLDs Too hot to handle Originally primarily academic & research Domain Name System launched in 1984 Coordinated by one man: Jon Postel NSF --> Dept. of Commerce Contract Internet commercialized in 1992 -1994 Web follows Seismic events Rapid changes Spectacular growth Charging for domain names More than a mnemonic: surrogate keyword DN: identifier --> identity Cybersquatters and trademarks Civil libertarians National interests: resentment of role of USG Growth of ccTLDs Too hot to handle
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ICPLICPL Birth of ICANN (1999) Public/Private Partnership Forum to leverage entire Internet community All constituencies Private sector, governments, civil society, technical, standards, etc Make cohesion out of contention Privatize and Internationalize A global Internet Global policies MOU with US Government (Dept of Commerce) Checklist of tasks A public/private partnership not a government Public/Private Partnership Forum to leverage entire Internet community All constituencies Private sector, governments, civil society, technical, standards, etc Make cohesion out of contention Privatize and Internationalize A global Internet Global policies MOU with US Government (Dept of Commerce) Checklist of tasks A public/private partnership not a government
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ICPLICPL What Is ICANN? Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
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ICPLICPL ICANN Mission Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers Names, addresses, protocol numbers Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS Stability Coordinate policy development Reasonably/appropriately related Promote core values Stability, delegation, consensus Competition, market mechanisms Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability Respect for role of governments www.icann.org www.icann.org Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers Names, addresses, protocol numbers Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS Stability Coordinate policy development Reasonably/appropriately related Promote core values Stability, delegation, consensus Competition, market mechanisms Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability Respect for role of governments www.icann.org www.icann.org
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ICPLICPL ICANN Organization President/CEO Staff Ombudsman At Large Advisory Committee Liaison Security & Stability Advisory Committee Liaison Root System Server Advisory Committee Liaison Technical Liaison Group (IETF)
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ICPLICPL Address Registries ccTLD Registries gTLD Registries Tech Experts ISPs Trademark/IP Interests Business Interests Civil Society Organizations Academics International Treaty Organizations Academics Non-Profit Organizations Individual Users Technology Companies Standards Organizations Root Server Operators Governments A Lightning Rod for Controversy
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ICPLICPL ICANN Evolution Start-Up (Mike Roberts) Bootstrap from nothing Basic building blocks/policies Design as you go Transition (Stuart Lynn) Organizational reform Role of at large Designing organizational relationships Maturation (Paul Twomey) Organizational development Firming of organizational relationships New policy development Monitoring & Compliance
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ICPLICPL Other Global Bodies United Nations Country code names Expanding role: WSIS WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization Trademarks and copyrights Standards Organizations IETF/IAB ITU International Telecommunications Union Organizing WSIS on behalf of UN United Nations Country code names Expanding role: WSIS WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization Trademarks and copyrights Standards Organizations IETF/IAB ITU International Telecommunications Union Organizing WSIS on behalf of UN
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ICPLICPL ITU U.N. agency Founded 1864 (telegraphy) Coordination of global telephony system Representation by world’s governments With telecom providers, equipment manufacturers etc Open membership at defined levels “Open” policy development process Closed decision-making One country, one vote Role of developing countries Strong outreach/education program Looking for expanded role www.itu.int www.itu.int
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ICPLICPL So We Come To WSIS World Summit for Information Society
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ICPLICPL Fault Lines Broad vs Narrow Definition US vs “Rest” of World Developed vs Underdeveloped ICANN vs ITU ICANN vs Others ccTLDs vs gTLDs (ICANN) et Technical vs Policy Private vs Government Control vs Collaboration
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ICPLICPL The Future What Will Get Resolved?
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ICPLICPL Thank You! Questions?
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ICPLICPL
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