2. Climate Changes and its Representing……….. D.A.V. Public School, Airoli

3. Climate Changes and its Effects “

4. Climate Change……..? The term Climate Change specifically refers to the drastic change in the climate caused by the brutal human activities. It is a currently a major Global issue.

5. Global Warming- An International Issue Global warming is the phenomenon in which there has been an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere and oceans in last few decades. The increase in the earth’s average temperature can further cause alterations that may raise the incidence and concentration of tremendous weather proceedings, such as floods, famines, heat waves, storms, and cyclones.

6. Impact on Motherland The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) now contends that “there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities". such as ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity. Bizarre changes have been taking place due to climate change such as; unscheduled rainfall, Hens laying eggs before time.

7. Exodus of Humans Climate change causes displacement of people in several ways, the most obvious—and dramatic—being through the increased number and severity of weather-related disasters which destroy homes and habitats forcing people to seek shelter or livelihoods elsewhere.

8. Psychological Impacts of Climate Change Due to Climate Change a lot of Natural Disasters occur. Due to these Natural Disasters; loss of property, decrease in agricultural yield, loss of life due to starving etc. take place. These factors put impact on the psychology of a layman by which he undergoes stress, tension & depression.

9. Geoengineering: The answer to Climate Change Geoengineering (otherwise known as Climate Engineering) is a branch of science which is focused on applying technology on a massive scale in order to change the Earth's environment. At the moment many Geoengineering technologies are considered hypothetical and risky, but they are being increasingly promoted as a way to reduce the effects of global warming arising from greenhouse gas emissions.

10. Geoengineering is Bifurcated into- Carbon dioxide removal(CDR) Solar Radiation Management(SRM)

11.  Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a form of carbon capture.  It removes carbon dioxide from ambient air by carbon dioxide scrubbing.  It is a different approach to removing CO 2 from the stack emissions such as fossil fuel fired power stations.  It is regarded as greenhouse gas remediation, which is a branch of Geoengineering.

12. Solar Radiation Management Solar radiation management (SRM) projects are a type of Geoengineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Their principal advantage as an approach to Geoengineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a Geoengineering' quick fix' while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.

13. Glimpse Of Hope The California-based firm Planktos announced a proposal to dump tonnes of finely-ground iron into the ocean near the Galapagos Islands. The idea was that since much of the ocean is nutrient limited, increasing the iron content of the water would encourage marine algae to bloom. These extra algae would take up carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, turning back some of the threat of climate change. But this proposal did not give any real support to the technique. It underlined the complexity of ecosystems, and the hazards of tinkering with them. Unexpected marine species bloomed and local carbon dioxide levels were little affected.

14. Steps To Success Weathering of rocks can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through reactions with minerals to form carbonates. Various ways have been suggested to store carbon dioxide by mimicking this natural process – but at a much faster rate. These are grouped under the heading of enhanced weathering. Enhanced weathering should provide permanent carbon storage and has been described as one of the less risky CDR options.

15. Low Cost Solutions The ‘Cool Roof’ strategy: Replacing dark roofs and pavements with light coloured ones could change the albedo (reflectivity) of the Earth, causing more sunlight to be reflected back into space. This is one of the potentially low-cost solutions, and there is a benefit to the home owner, too, since it would cut cooling costs. But hundreds of millions of households would have to take action for any noticeable effect.

16. Blocking the hitch Injecting Aerosols into the stratosphere. This would imitate the impact of volcanic eruptions, by placing chemical compounds, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere. There they would block light arriving from the sun. The challenge would be to not only inject millions of tonnes of aerosols at high altitudes (presumably from a fleet of high-flying aircraft), but also to maintain the aerosol levels as they slowly fall under gravity.

17. Spectacular technology Blocking the arrival of sunlight by space-based ‘umbrellas’. Still more spectacular technology would be the developed by rockets of many millions of thin reflecting disks into Earth’s orbit to dim incoming sunlight. This could be done quite quickly, but at great cost and with unknown effects on climate and agriculture in different regions.

19. Geoengineering Vs. Global warming Geoengineering offers a variety of ways to reduce global warming; but each option brings with it enough issues and challenges to suggest that none of them is the demonstrated solution. Engineered carbon dioxide removal may be less risky, but will take longer to work. Solar radiation management may lower temperatures effectively and quickly, but cannot stop other impacts of climate change.