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Nugget Development of Uncoated Steel (a) 2 Cycles (b) 3 Cycles (c) 4 Cycles (d) 5 Cycles (e) 6 Cycles (f) 7 Cycles (g) 9 Cycles (h) 12 Cycles [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.19, Gould & Peterson]
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Nugget Development of Electro- Galvanized Steel (a) 5 Cycles (b) 6 Cycles (c) 7 Cycles (d) 9 Cycles (e) 12 Cycles [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.23, Gould & Peterson]
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Nugget Development of Galvannealed Steel (a) 3 Cycles (b) 4 Cycles (c) 5 Cycles (d) 6 Cycles (e) 7 Cycles (f) 9 Cycles (g) 12 Cycles [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.25, Gould & Peterson]
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Nugget Development of Fe-Zn Electro-Coated Steel (a) 4 Cycles (b) 5 Cycles (c) 6 Cycles (d) 7 Cycles (e) 9 Cycles (f) 12 Cycles [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.27, Gould & Peterson]
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Electrode Alloying during Resistance Welding on Electro-Galvanized Steel HV15 490 130 100 Cu Zn Fe 8 90 2 28 57 15 55 45 10 m
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Variations in Button Size during Electrode Life Testing Uncoated Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Button Size (inch) Test Stopped at 8145 Welds
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Variations in Electrode Tip Size during Electrode Life Testing Uncoated Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Contact Area (in. 2 ) Test Stopped at 8145 Welds
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Variations in Button Size during Electrode Life Testing Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Button Size (inch)
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Variations in Electrode Tip Size during Electrode Life Testing Hot- Dipped Galvanized Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Contact Area (in. 2 )
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Variations in Button Size during Electrode Life Testing Galvannealed Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Button Size (inch)
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Variations in Electrode Tip Size during Electrode Life Testing Galvannealed Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Contact Area (in. 2 )
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Weldability Lobe for Uncoated Steel Averaged from Five Individual Lobes Minimum Nominal Expulsion Welding Current (kA) Welding Time (Cycles) [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.17, Gould & Peterson]
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Weldability Lobe for Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel Averaged from Five Individual Lobes Welding Current ( kA) Welding Time (Cycles) [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.19, Gould & Peterson] Minimum Nominal Expulsion
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Weldability Lobe for Electro- Galvanized Steel Averaged from Five Individual Lobes Welding Current (kA) Welding Time (Cycles) Minimum Nominal Expulsion [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.22, Gould & Peterson]
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Variations in Electrode Life Tests on HDG Steel Number of Welds (Thousands) Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Nugget Size (inch)
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Dynamic Resistance Curves Beta Peak Faying Surface Resistance Faying Surface Resistance Nugget Initiation Resistance (micro-ohme) Weld Time (Cycles) (a) Uncoated Steel(b) Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.49, Gould & Peterson]
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Dynamic Displacement Curves (a) Weld Time (Cycles) (b) Weld Time (Cycles) Displacement ( x 10 3 inches) Expulsion was noted at 12 welding cycles. Expulsion was evident at 6 welding cycles. [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8814, p.50, Gould & Peterson]
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Oscillating Weldability Lobe - Uncoated Steel Number of Welds Current (kA) Tip Size (inches) Nominal Expulsion Tip Size Bottom Size
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Oscillating Weldability Lobe - HDG Steel Top TipBottom Tip Number of Welds Current (kA) Tip Size (inches) NominalExpulsion
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Oscillating Weldability Lobe - Galvannealed Steel NominalExpulsion Top TipBottom Tip Number of Welds Current (kA) Tip Size (inches)
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Effect of Al Content in Zn Bath on Electrode Life Incomplete Al 2 O 3 Layer Increased Electrode Alloying % Al in Zn Bath 0.5 1.0 Electrode Life (Number of Welds)
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Scribe Creep on Full Painted Panels [Reference: SAE Technical Paper Series: 890705, p.8, Mats Strom] Max. Total Scribe Creep (mm)
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Oscillating Weldability Lobe Test Results on HDG Using Cu-Al 2 O 3 DSC Electrodes Number of Welds Current (kA) Tip Size (inches) Top Tip Bottom TipNominal Expulsion (a) Current Level Variations (b) Tip Size Variations
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Oscillating Weldability Lobe Test Results on HDG Using Cu-Cr Electrodes Current (kA) Tip Size (inches) Number of Welds NominalExpulsion Top TipBottom Tip (a) Current Level Variations (b) Tip Size Variations
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Electrodes Used on Uncoated Steel [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.36, Gould & Peterson] (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
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Electrodes Used on Electro- Galvanized Steel [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.41, Gould & Peterson] (a)(b) (c) (d)(e)
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Electrodes Used on Galvannealed Steel [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.44, Gould & Peterson] (a) (b)(c) (d)(e)
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Electrodes Used on Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel [Reference: EWI Research Paper: MR8802, p.39, Gould & Peterson] (a)(b) (c) (d)(e)
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