1. JWST Science 4-chart version follows

2. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization What are the first galaxies? When did reionization occur? –Once or twice? What sources caused reionization? Patchy Absorption Redshift Wavelength Lyman Forest Absorption Black Gunn- Peterson trough z<z i z~z i z>z i Neutral IGM. Ultra-Deep NIR survey (1.4 nJy), spectroscopic & Mid-IR confirmation. QSO spectra: Ly-α forest Galaxy spectra: Balmer lines (2x10 -19 ergs/cm 2 /sec)

3. The assembly of galaxies Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form? How did the heavy elements form? Can we test hierarchical formation and global scaling relations? What about ULIRGs and AGN? Galaxies in GOODS Field Wide-area imaging survey R=1000 spectra of 1000s of galaxies at 1 < z < 6 Targeted observations of ULIRGs and AGN

4. Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems How do clouds collapse? How does environment affect star-formation? –Vice-versa? What is the low-mass IMF? Imaging of molecular clouds Survey “elephant trunks” Survey star-forming clusters Deeply embedded protostar Agglomeration & planetesimalsMature planetary system Circumstellar disk The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST The Eagle Nebula as seen in the infrared

5. Planetary systems and the origins of life How do planets form? How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? How are habitable zones established? Simulated JWST image Fomalhaut at 24 microns Extra-solar giant planets –Coronagraphy Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System Titan Malfait et al 1998 Spitzer image

6. JWST Science 2-chart version follows

7. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization What are the first galaxies? When did reionization occur? Patchy Absorption Redshift Wavelength Lyman Forest Absorption Black Gunn- Peterson trough z<z i z~z i z>z i Neutral IGM. The assembly of galaxies Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form? How did the heavy elements form? Galaxies in GOODS Field Simulated JWST spectra showing the epoch of reionization

8. Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems How do clouds collapse? How does environment affect star formation? Deeply embedded protostar Agglomeration & planetesimalsMature planetary system Circumstellar disk Planetary systems and the origins of life How do planets form? How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? Shu et al theory of planetary system formation Simulated JWST imageSpitzer image Fomalhaut dust disk at 24 microns

9. JWST Science 1-chart version follows

10. JWST Science The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST The Eagle Nebula as seen in the infrared Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems Planetary systems and the origins of life Galaxies in the UDF End of the dark ages: first light and reionization The assembly of galaxies

11. JWST Science 13-chart detailed version follows

12. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization Hubble Ultra Deep Field … to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe.

13. What are the first galaxies? The first galaxies are small and faint Their light is redshifted into infrared. They are made of low-metallicity, massive stars. –SNe! GRBs! Observations: –Ultra-deep NIR field –Follow-up Spect, MIR –Timing for transients Zoom in to Hubble Ultra Deep Field

14. When and how did reionization occur? Reionization happened at z>6 WMAP says maybe twice? Probably galaxies, maybe quasar contribution Observations: –Spectra of the most distant quasars –Spectra of faint galaxies

15. The assembly of galaxies M81 by Spitzer … to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day.

16. Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form? How did the heavy elements form? Galaxy assembly is a process of hierarchical merging Components of galaxies have variety of ages & compositions Observations: –NIRCam imaging –Spectra of 1000s of galaxies

17. What are the physical processes that determine galaxy properties? What about starbursts and black holes? Global scaling relations between luminosity, size, kinematics and metallicity. Tight correlation between mass of central black holes and surrounding galaxy Observations: –MIR spectroscopy –Velocity dispersion –MIR emission lines HST + radio image of active galaxy

18. Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems David Hardy … to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems.

19. How do proto-stellar clouds collapse? Stars form in small regions collapsing gravitationally within larger molecular clouds. We can see through thick, dusty clouds in the infrared. Protostars begin to shine within the clouds, revealing temperature and density structure. Observations: –Deep NIR and MIR imaging of dark clouds and proto-stars Barnard 68 in visible light Barnard 68 in infrared

20. How does environment affect star-formation and vice-versa? What is the sub-stellar initial mass function? Massive stars produce winds and radiation –Either disrupt star formation, or causes it. The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown –Different processes? Or continuum? Observations: –Survey dark clouds, “elephant trunks” and star-forming regions The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST The Eagle Nebula as seen in the infrared

21. Planetary systems and the origins of life Robert Hurt … to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and to investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems.

22. How do planets form? Giant planets could be signpost of process that creates Earth- like planets Solar System primordial disk is now in small planets, moons, asteroids and comets Observations: –Coronagraphy of exosolar planets –Compare spectra of comets and circumstellar disks

23. How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? Here is an illustration of what MIRI might find within the very young core in Ophiuchus, VLA 1623 artist’s concept of protostellar disk from T. Greene, Am. Scientist approximate field for NIRSpec & MIRI integral field spectroscopy

24. How are habitable zones established? Source of Earth’s H 2 0 and organics is not determined –Comets? Asteroids? History of clearing the disk of gas and small bodies –Role of giant planets? Observations: –Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects –Icy moons in outer solar system Titan