1. U.S. SPACE ORGANIZATIONS
We will now discuss the major U.S. space organization that are involved with the military use of space. This slide, with the many different organizational crests is meant to imply that there are a lot of organizations involved.

2. UNITED STATES SPACE COMMAND
USSPACECOM
14th Air Force
NAVSPACECOM
USARSPACE

3. North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
Aerospace Warning
and
Aerospace Control
for North America
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is a binational United States and Canadian organization charged with the missions of aerospace warning and aerospace control for North America. Aerospace warning includes the monitoring of man-made objects in space, and the detection, validation, and warning of attack against North America whether by aircraft, missiles, or space vehicles, utilizing mutual support arrangements with other commands. Aerospace control includes providing surveillance and control of the airspace of Canada and the United States.
 A commander in chief (CINC) is appointed by, and is responsible to, both the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Canada. The CINC maintains his headquarters at Peterson Air Force Base, Colo., and a command and control center a short distance away at Cheyenne Mountain Air Station. Cheyenne Mountain serves as a central collection and coordination facility for a worldwide system of sensors designed to provide the CINC and the National Command Authorities of the U.S. and Canada with an accurate picture of any aerospace threat. Three subordinate region headquarters at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska (Alaska NORAD Region, ANR), Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canadian NORAD Region, CANR), and Tyndall AFB, Fla. (Continental U.S. NORAD Region, CONR) receive direction from the CINC and control air operations within their respective areas of responsibility.
    To accomplish the aerospace warning mission, CINCNORAD is responsible for providing integrated tactical warning and attack assessment (ITW/AA) of an aerospace attack on North America to the governments of Canada and the United States. This is done using information made available by the ITW/AA system. Portions of that system are under the operational control of CINCNORAD and other portions are operated by commands supporting NORAD. NORAD’s aerospace control mission includes detecting and responding to any air-breathing threat to North America. To accomplish this mission, NORAD utilizes a network of ground based radars and fighters to detect, intercept and if necessary engage any air-breathing threat to the continent. These fighters consist of U.S. F-15s and F-16s and Canadian CF-18s. As a part of its aerospace control mission NORAD assists in the detection and monitoring of aircraft suspected of illegal drug trafficking. This information is passed to civilian law enforcement agencies to help combat the flow of illegal drugs into North America.
Alaskan NORAD Region
Canadian NORAD Region
Continental US NORAD Region

4. USSPACECOM Mission
Conduct joint space operations IAW Unified Command Plan assigned missions of:
Space Forces Support
Space Force Enhancement
Space Force Application
Space Force Control

5. US SPACE COMMAND Components
14TH
AIR FORCE
USARSPACE
NAVSPACECOM
USSPACECOM

6. 14th Air Force 14th Air Force 21st Space Wing Peterson AFB
The 14th Air Force is the Air Force component command to the US Space Command.
The 14th Air Force, with its headquarters at Vandenberg Air Force Base CA, plans and executes operations for space support, force enhancement and space control and serves as the operational Air Force component to the unified United States Space Command.
The command is made up of more than 14,000 military and civilian members, 13,500 defense contractors and 131 units at five bases and 44 other worldwide locations. Today's Flying Tigers are the day-to-day operators and managers of Air Force Space Command's space forces and are responsible for their operational planning and employment in wartime and major worldwide exercises.
21st Space Wing, Peterson AFB CO operates a global network of missile warning centers including tactical monitoring and attack assessment of sea-launched and ICBM attacks against the United States and operates the world's only global space surveillance network providing data on man-made objects in space to Cheyenne Mountain and other national agencies.
30th Space Wing, Vandenberg AFB CA, tests DoD space and missile systems, launches a variety of boosters placing satellites into polar orbit and operates the western Range.
45th Space Wing, Patrick AFB FL launches a variety of boosters placing satellites into equatorial orbit, supports NASA Space Shuttle launch operations and operates the Eastern Range.
50th Space Wing, Falcon AFB CO operates DoD satellites, manages the global satellite network, and controls the DSCS and NATO III constellations.
30th Space Wing
Vandenberg AFB
14th Air Force
45th Space Wing
Patrick AFB
50th Space Wing
Falcon AFB

7. Air Force Space Command (AFSPC)
Activated in 1982
Headquarters - Peterson AFB, CO
Mission: Organize, train, equip, sustain, and operate assigned AF resources
The Air Force Space Command is the parent headquarters for the 14th Air Force and the 20th Air Force.
The mission of the Air Force Space Command is to defend the United States of America through the control and exploitation of space.
Air Force Space Command makes space reliable for the warfighter by continuously improving the command’s ability to provide and support combat forces -- assuring their access to space. In addition, the command’s ICBM forces deter any adversary contemplating the use of weapons of mass destruction.
Approximately 40,000 people, including 28,300 active duty military and civilians, and 11,700 contractor employees, combine to perform the AFSPC missions.
Air Force Space Command has two numbered air forces. Fourteenth Air Force provides space warfighting forces to U.S. Space Command, and is located at Vandenberg AFB, Calif. Fourteenth Air Force manages the generation and employment of space forces to support U.S. Space Command and North American Defense Command (NORAD) operational plans and missions. Twentieth Air Force is located at F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo. Twentieth operates and maintains AFSPC’s ICBM weapon systems in support of the U.S. Strategic Command war plans.
The Space Warfare Center at Falcon AFB, Colo. Is also part of the command. The center plays a major role in fully integrating space systems into the operational Air Force. Its force enhancement mission looks at ways to use space systems to support warfighters in the areas of navigation, weather, intelligence, communications and theater ballistic missile warning, and how these apply to theater operations.

8. Naval Space Command (NAVSPACECOM)
Command naval space forces and operate space systems/space support systems in order to provide effective space support to naval forces in peace, crisis, or war
Advise the CINC on proper employment of assigned forces in support of missions
Train, equip, and maintain assigned forces
The Naval Space Command was commissioned on October 1,  
Naval Space Command uses the medium of space and its potential to provide essential information and capabilities to ashore and afloat naval forces by:
Operating surveillance, navigation, communication, environmental, and information systems;
Advocating naval warfighting requirements in the joint arena; and
Advising, supporting, and assisting naval services through training and by developing space plans, programs, budgets, policies, concepts and doctrine.
Naval Space Command reports directly to the Director of Space and Electronic Warfare (N-6) and the Director of Naval Warfare (N-7).  The tasking to support Marine Corps forces comes through the staff of the Commandant of the Marine Corps.  In addition, Fleet commanders-in-chief are authorized a direct line of communication with the command for requesting specific operational support.
Naval Space Command also serves as the naval service component of the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM), established in  Component responsibilities include operating assigned space systems to provide surveillance and warning, as well as providing spacecraft telemetry and on-orbit engineering support.
In addition, Naval Space Command provides facilities for and staffs a command center 24 hours a day to serve as the Alternate Space Control Center for U.S. Space Command's primary center located at Cheyenne Mountain Air Station, Colorado.
The Alternate Space Control Center missions include operational direction of the entire global Space Surveillance Network for Commander-in-Chief Space(CINCSPACE).  The Center also detects, tracks, identifies, and catalogs all manmade objects in space and provides ephemerides on these objects to about 1,000 customers; and monitors the space environment and informs owners and operators of U.S. and allied space systems of potential threat to their assets by continuous liaison with the systems' operations centers.

9. US Army Space Command (USARSPACE)
Subordinate command of US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC)
USARSPACE-Forward Headquarters - Colorado Springs, CO
Activated in 1988
The Army Space Command is the Army component of the US Space Command
The Army Space Command is commanded by the Commander, US Army Space and Missile Defense Command in Crystal City, Virginia. - a three star general. Only the CG of US Army Space Command is located in Virginia.
The US Army Space Command (Forward) is commanded by a colonel. It is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. USARSPACE (FWD) is the Army component command to U. S. Space Command.
.USARSPACE (FWD) provides support to the warfighter by commanding and controlling the Army Theater Ballistic Missile Defense Element, Army Ballistic Missile Defense/Anti-Satellite (BMD/ASAT), Theater Ballistic Missile Early Warning provided by Joint Tactical Ground Stations (JTAGS) and other forces and operating facilities as assigned; deploying space-based assets in support of contingency operations and operations other than war; controlling the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) Operations Centers; planning and authorizing joint tactical use of military satellite communications resources; developing and exercising new space-based technologies; and with managing the operational portion of the Space Technology Exploitation Program (STEP)..

10. USARSPACE Mission Commanding 1st SATCON Bn for DSCS support
Commanding JTAGS for TMD warning
Providing Army Space Support Teams to operational commands
Conducting operational portion of Army Space Technology Exploitation Program

11. USARSPACE Mission (Con’t)
Planning for the Army Theater Missile Defense Element, National Missile Defense and Anti-Satellite operations
Sponsoring, coordinating and developing new space-based technologies

12. US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC)
To serve as the focal point for space and strategic defense matters. Designated Army proponent for space.
Responsible for the exploitation of space and strategic assets for use by warfighting commanders
Subordinate commands:
U.S. Army Space Command
Army Space Program Office
Missile Defense Space Technology Center
Missile Defense Battle Integration Center
High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility
U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll
The US Army Space and Missile Defense Command is the parent organization of the US Army Space Command.
The U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, a multifunctional Major Army Command, serves as the Army’s proponent for Space and National Missile Defense, and as the Army’s integrator for Theater Missile Defense.
The command ensures that Army warfighters have access to space assets and the products they provide to win decisively with minimum casualties - and effective missile defense to protect our nation as well as our deployed forces and those of our friends and allies.
Building on 40 years of achievement and progress in the space and missile defense arena, the Army Space and Missile Defense Command is ready to continue to support these crucial missions in the 21st century.
From its headquarters in Arlington, Va., U. S. Army SMDC oversees a number of Army elements around the globe to accomplish its challenging and diverse mission:

13. Army Space Program Office (ASPO)
Focal point for the Army’s Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities Program (TENCAP)
Primary ASPO missions include:
Design, develop, test, field, and sustain systems that provide national and theater products to tactical commanders.
Provide technical support to the Army with respect to TENCAP activities.
The Army Space Program Office is a subordinate command of the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command.
The Army Space Program Office is responsible for the Army's tactical exploitation of national capabilities TENCAP. The program focuses on exploiting current and future tactical potential of national systems and integrating the capabilities into the Army's tactical decision-making process. Army TENCAP systems enable the tactical commander to see and hear deep in today's battlefield and then assess the impact of shooting deep. The ASPO has successfully fielded more than 60 systems and is constantly exploring ways to integrate advanced technologies into its inventory.

14. Personnel: Staffed by CIA and military and civilian DoD employees.
Mission: Provide satellite reconnaissance and surveillance to the US government. Purchase and operate intelligence satellites. Existence declassified in 1992.
Structure: NRO is a DoD agency, Secretary of Defense and director of Central Intelligence have approval of programs.
Personnel: Staffed by CIA and military and civilian DoD employees.
The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is the national program to meet the US Government's intelligence needs through spaceborne reconnaissance. The NRO is part of the Intelligence Community and receives its budget through that portion of the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) known as the National Reconnaissance Program (NRP), which is approved both by the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). The existence of the NRO was declassified by the Deputy Secretary of Defense, as recommended by the Director of Central Intelligence, on September 18, 1992.
The mission of the NRO is to ensure that the US has the technology and spaceborne assets needed to acquire intelligence worldwide. This mission is accomplished through research, development, acquisition, and operation of the nation's intelligence satellites. The NRO's assets collect intelligence to support such functions as indications and warning, monitoring arms control agreements, military operations and exercises, and monitoring of natural disasters and other environmental issues.
The Director of the NRO is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Congress as the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space. The Secretary of Defense has the responsibility, which is exercised in concert with the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), for the management and operation of the NRO. The DCI establishes the collection priorities and requirements for the collection of satellite data. The NRO is staffed by personnel from CIA, the military services, and civilian Department of Defense personnel.
The Director of the NRO is responsible to the SECDEF and the DCI for all national space and assigned airborne reconnaissance activities. The DNRO provides top-level management direction to the NRO in response to SECDEF and DCI requirements.
The Deputy Director for Military Support (DDMS) reports to and coordinates with the DNRO on all NRO related activities. This position serves as the focal point for all military activities executed within the NRO. The DDMS reports to, and coordinates with, the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence {ASD(C3I)} for military activities executed within the NRO.

15. Central Intelligence Agency Office of Development and Engineering
Mission: Develop systems from requirements definition through design, testing, and evaluation to operations.
Works with systems not available commercially.
Disciplines include laser communications, digital imagery processing, real-time data collection and processing, electro-optics, advanced signal collection, artificial intelligence, advanced antenna design, mass data storage and retrieval, and large systems modeling and simulations. Work includes new concepts and systems upgrades.
Personnel: Classified
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Office of Development and Engineering
Headquarters: Washington, D. C. Established: 1973.
Mission, Purpose, Operations: Develop systems from requirements definition through design, testing, and evaluation to operations. Works with systems not available commercially. Disciplines include laser communications, digital imagery processing, real-time data collection and processing, electro-optics, advanced signal collection, artificial intelligence, advanced antenna design, mass data storage and retrieval, and large systems modeling and simulations. Work includes new concepts and systems upgrades.
Personnel: Classified

16. National Security Agency (NSA)
Mission:
Protect US communications and produce foreign intelligence information.
Supply leadership, products, and services to protect classified and unclassified information from interception, unauthorized access, and technical intelligence threats.
In the foreign signals intelligence area, the central point for collecting and processing activities conducted by the US government,
National Security Agency (NSA) Headquarters: Fort Meade, MD. Established: 1952.
Mission: Protect US communications and produce foreign intelligence information. Supply leadership, products, and services to protect classified and unclassified information from interception, unauthorized access, and technical intelligence threats. In the foreign signals intelligence area, the central point for collecting and processing activities conducted by the US government, with authority to produce signals intelligence in accord with objectives, requirements, and priorities established by the CIA director with the advice of the National Foreign Intelligence Board.
Structure: Established by a Presidential directive in 1952 as a separate agency within DoD under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense, who serves as the executive agent of the US government for the production of communications intelligence information. The Central Security Service was established in 1972 by a Presidential memorandum to provide a more unified cryptological organization within the Defense Department. The NSA director also serves as chief of the CSS and controls the signals intelligence activities of the military services.
Personnel: Classified

17. National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
MISSION: Provide timely, relevant, and accurate imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information in support of national security objectives.
Created in October 1996.
New organization consolidates the Defense Mapping Agency, Central Imagery Office, Defense Dissemina-tion Program Office (DDPO) in their entirety; and the mission and functions of CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center.
The National Imagery and Mapping Agency was established October 1, 1996
The creation of NIMA centralized responsibility for imagery and mapping, representing a fundamental step toward achieving the Department of Defense vision of "dominant battlespace awareness." NIMA was created to exploit the tremendous potential of enhanced collection systems, digital processing technology and the prospective expansion in commercial imagery than its separate predecessor organizations. The creation of NIMA brought together the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), the Central Imagery Office (CIO), and the Defense Dissemination Program Office (DDPO) in their entirety; and the mission and functions of CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center. Those organizations were disestablished Oct. 1, Also included in NIMA are imagery exploitation, dissemination and processing elements of the Defense Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office and the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office.
Approximately 9,000 strong, the NIMA work force is populated by professionals in fields such as cartography, imagery analysis, the physical sciences, geodesy, computer and telecommunication engineering, and photogrammetry.
With Headquarters in Fairfax, Va., NIMA operates major facilities in northern Virginia, Washington, D.C., Bethesda, Md., St. Louis, Mo., Kansas City, MO and at support and liaison offices worldwide.
The vision of NIMA is to:
· Provide seamless access to tailorable imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information -- not products
· Make information available on very short timelines at the lowest possible classification
· Obtain and use best available information, government or commercial
· Use private sector services and best available technology

18. Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD-Space)
Function/Responsibility: Principal OSD staff assistant and advisor for space matters. Responsible for developing, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of DoD space policy. Oversight responsibility for space architectures as well as space acquisition programs.
Organization: Three principal offices.
The DUSD(Space) oversees the "community planning" function for the integrated "system of systems" space architecture. In addition, the DUSD(Space) is responsible for oversight of space acquisition programs. The USD(A&T) acquisition responsibilities remain unchanged; however, the Defense Acquisition Board committee structure will expand to include a Space Committee. In general, the ASD(C3I) will remain responsible for oversight of space system user equipment, although such oversight responsibility may transition from the ASD(C3I) to the DUSD(Space) on an exception basis at Milestone Zero. Finally, with respect to space technology, the DUSD(Space) has responsibility for assessing future space requirements and recommending changes to space-specific technology goals to the DDR&E. The DDR&E continues to be responsible for all DoD science and technology.
Structure: The ODUSD(Space) is structured into three offices:
space policy
space architectures
space programs.
Each office maintains a close and coordinated working relationship with the other DoD components involved in space-related policy, architectures, and/or programmatic activities, with open exchange of and access to information about ongoing issues and actions. This relationship is a prerequisite for effective management of national security space activities, inasmuch as most execution responsibilities -- for architectures, programs, and space forces' employment plans -- remain with the Military Departments; Services; Defense Agencies; Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; and combatant commanders. Ensuring the appropriate handling of issues, however, also requires a more integrated approach to doing business -- including more open and comprehensive access to effect these changes.
Personnel: The DUSD(Space) is staffed with personnel from each of the services and other defense agencies.
Space
Policy
Space
Architecture
Space
Programs

19. Other US Government Space Agencies
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Department of Commerce
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Department of the Interior
US Geodetic Survey (USGS)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
There are many other US Government agencies that are involved with space and space systems in some way.
The four shown on this chart are key players.

20. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Mission:
Explore and develop space for human enterprise, increase knowledge about Earth and space, and conduct research in space and aeronautics.
Operate the space shuttle and lead an international program to build a permanently occupied space station, which will be launched starting in 1997.
Launch satellites for space science, Earth observations, and a broad range of technology research and development.
Conduct aeronautical research and development.

21. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Mission: Provide satellite observations of the global environment by operating a national system of satellites. Explore, map, and chart the global ocean and its resources and describe, monitor, and predict conditions in the atmosphere, ocean, and space environment. Prime customer is NOAA's National Weather Service.
Personnel National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Other NOAA employees 12, Total 12,984

22. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Regulates interstate and foreign communications in the US
Three main bureaus
Mass Media Bureau (radio, TV)
Common Carrier Bureau (telephones)
Private Radio Bureau (CB radio, etc.)

23. Summary Mission of USSPACECOM
USSPACECOM component commands and their missions
Other DoD space organizations
Other US Government space organizations

24. US Space Organization Relationships
President
Congress
NASA
DoD
DOI
DOC
CIA
NSA
NIMA
JCS
USSPACECOM
14AF
NAVSPACE
USARSPACE
USASMDC
ASPO
NRO
AFSPACE
NOAA
AIR FORCE
NAVY
ARMY
USGS
Any Questions?

25. Space Organizations World Wide Web Sites
USSPACECOM
USARSPACE
14th Air Force
USAFSPACE
USAF Space and
Missile Center
Naval Space Command
NASA
NRO
The list above is only a small sample.
Other lists will be included in future lessons.