2.  Timing of winter/fall planting  Water needs vs. water use  Faster establishment with lower maintenance  TRWG-Z over hand- watering

3.  Clarify potential benefits of TRWG-Z over hand-watering  Determine if single application ( or12 weeks of continual moisture) could successfully establish plants  Determine if photosynthesis prior to dormant season would have substantial benefit to plant establishment  Define water saving using TRWG-Z

4.  TRWG-Z, ( carboxymethylcellulose cross-linked polymer) Potable water  City of Santa Rosa, CA Zinc Sulfate  essential to many enzyme systems in plants  contributes to production of growth regulators  most available form of zinc to plants Glacial Acetic Acid  naturally occurring auxin  induce elongation in shoot cells  improve uptake of minerals

5.  Species Quercus agrifolia Quercus lobata  Planting times August 4, 2009 September 2, 2009 October 2,2009  Container size D-40  Climate-Mediterranean Month9-Aug9-Sep9-Oct9-Nov9-Dec10-Jan10-Feb 10- Mar 10-Apr 10- May 10-Jun10-Jul High102°F101°F87°F80°F65°F62°F71°F81°F82°F83°F97°F92°F Low47°F40°F38°F30°F21°F32°F34°F33°F34°F35°F45°F Precip0.11 in.0.49 in.1.81 in.4.31 in.4.50 in.6.25 in.6.08 in.4.71 in.1.67 in.0.83 in.0.19 in.0.06 in www.accuweather.com/us/ca/santa-rosa/95401/forecast-month.asp

6.  Each plot – 32 plants – 10’X18’ 20 with TRWG-Z -12 hand-watered  August single application TRWG Hand-watered : 12 weeks, 2.5 gallon each week  Last hand-watered date was October 7  September single application of TRWG-Z Hand-watered: 12 weeks, 2.5 gallon each week  October single application of TRWG-Z Hand-watered: 12 weeks, 2.5 gallon each week (except during active precipitation)

7.  Two Harvests June 23, 2010 November 27, 2010  Three-weeks of drying time Weighed on calibrated scale Quercus agrifolia June 2010 Harvest 10 months after planting

8. TRWG-Z 15 grams 15 gramsHand-watered 9 grams Quercus agrifolia Planted August 2009, harvested and weighed June 2010

9. Plant speciesHand-wateredTRWG-Z Quercus agrifolia8 15 Quercus lobata14 26 Average1120 10-month old plants

13. Left: TRWG-Z 78(g)Right: Hand-watered 37(g) Quercus agrifolia-15 month old plants Quercus agrifolia-15 month old plants

14. August 89(g) 15 month old plant September 12 (g) 14 month old plant October 9(g) 13month old plant

15. 42-inches 24-inches 60-inches 36-inches Quercus lobata TRWG-Z left / Hand watered right Quercus agrifolia TRWG-Z left / Hand watered right

18. Photos taken August 23, 2012

20.  Late summer planting appears to allow sufficient photosynthesis resulting in ample carbohydrate storage for spring plant growth  Zinc and Glacial Acetic Acid contribute to the production of essential growth over potable water with no nutrients  Using TRWG-Z contributes to overall water efficiency  No plants received water after 12 weeks -1 fatality-continual moisture appears necessary

21. TRWG-ZHAND-WATER  Per Plant 2.5 gallons at planting 1 Quart of TRWG-Z 12 weeks = 2.75 gallons  Per plant 2.5 gallons per week for 12 weeks = 30 gallons Water saving per plant: 92%

22.  Economics  Water efficiency  Unpredictable weather  Success criteria

23.  (1993). Zinc, needed throughout the root zone. Micronutrient news and information, Vol. 13(No. 4).  (1994). Zinc-the most important micronutrient. Micronutrient news and information, Vol. 14(No. 3)  Amrani, M., Westfall, D. G., & Peterson, G. A. (1993). Zinc plant availability as influenced by zinc fertilizer sources and zinc water solubility. Oxford: Clarendon Press.  Arteca, R. N. (1996). Plant growth substances, Principles and applications. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall.  Mordvedt, J. J., Cox, F. R., Shuman, L. M., & Welch, R. M. (1991). Micronutrients in agriculture (2nd ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.  Wheeler, J., PhD, & Peterson, K. (2006). DRiWATER plus, a new product (cross linked carboxymethylocellulose gel with zinc and acetic acid). Tucson, AZ: Research conducted at Acre Inc.  Source for Santa Rosa Temp. & Precip: *http://www.accuweather.com/us/ca/santa-rosa/95401/forecast- month.asp