1. Chapter 7 US 2 - Peterson

5. OLD (PRE 1890)NEW  North/West Europe  WASP White Anglo-Saxon Protestant  Typicaly affluent  Some Germans/Irish assimilated  Dry  Dominated rural US  South/East Europe (+Irish)  Diverse Group Catholics, Orthodox, Jewish  Usually Poor  Chinese/Japanese on west cost  Wet  Urban settlement

6.  Push factors Famine (Irish) Lack of Land Escape Persecution (Rel./Pol.)  Jews - Pogroms  Pull Factors Economic Opportunity (industrial revolution) “Birds of Passage” – Migrant work/send money home

7.  20 Million between 1870-1920  Euro population reached 400M Doubled from 1800-1900

8.  Chinese Gold Rush RR work Smaller numbers (300K from 1850-1883)  Japanese Hawaiian Planters (US territory 1898) Relative High Wages

9.  Islander 260K Cuba, Jamaica, PR Come for Jobs  Mexican As much as 7% of the population leaves for America New Irrigation techniques in west  More farm land/demand for labor

10.  Steamship Euro 1 week, Asian 3 weeks Usually in Steerage  Reach point of Entry

11.  Virtual Tour Virtual Tour

12.  Asian Point of Entry  Harsh questioning  Unsanitary conditions

13.  Homogeneous neighborhoods Social Clubs, orphanages, churches

14.  American….Melting Pot? or Salad Bowl?

15.  Old stock pride themselves on “Melting Pot”  Large Numbers of Immigrants leads to increase in NATIVISM

17.  Ok with immigration from the “right countries” – WASP  Ethnic/Religious prejudices  KKK #’s will grow, American Protective Association, Immigration Restriction League

18.  Nativism also strong in labor movement

19.  Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882 Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials

22.  Gentleman's Agreement 1907-8 San Fran School board segregates Japanese students Teddy Roosevelt makes deal…end segregation if Japan limits immigration of unskilled labor

23.  Urbanization

24.  Growth is focused in NE and Mid West  “Hit and Stick” Immigration Examples  NYC has twice the Irish as Dublin  More Italians than Rome  Americanization Movement Efforts to assimilate large numbers of immigrants Gov & Volunteer organizations

25.  Domestic Migration Cities also grow as machinery decreases the demand for laborers on farms Africans Americans leave south

26.  Housing – cramped tenements

27.  Jacob Riis – How the Other Half LivedHow the Other Half Lived

28.  Transportation  Water no safe access Cholera/Typhoid  Sanitation Horse Manure/Sewage Garbage  Crime – Limited police forces  Fire – No water/cramped conditions

30.  Social Gospel – salvation through service to the poor  Settlement Houses – community centers located in slums…provide services to poor (mostly immigrant)  Jane Addams – Chicago’s Hull House  Overall…provide support, health care, education…etc

31.  Section 3

32.  Organized group that controls the politics of a city – Party, Votes, Courts, Police  Bosses controlled Access to Jobs Support for Business Some used for good…  Naturalization, housing, support Expect loyalty in return

33.  Election Fraud - “Vote Early and Often”  Graft – taking advantage of a position for personal gain  Kickbacks  Bribes

36.  Tweed will flee to Spain. Is eventually arrested after recognized from Thomas Nast cartoon

37.  Patronage – giving government jobs to political supporters AKA Spoils System Unqualified, corrupt  Reformers want a merit based hiring system for civil service jobs Civil Service – Government jobs

38.  Grant -1868  Hayes – 1876  Garfield – 1880 (assassinated)  Arthur – 1881  Cleveland – 1884 (Dem)  Harrison – 1888  Cleveland – Again 1892  McKinley - 1896

39.  Corrupt deal w/South Didn’t win popular vote  Tried to clean up process but no Congressional Support  Looks into Customhouses Fired Machines Appointments  Republicans Split

41.  Hayes done  Republicans split on reform  Stalwarts Anti-Reform…keep it as is  Halfbreeds – Reformers Anti-patronage  Republicans end up nominating Garfield - Pres, reformer ties Arthur – VP – strong stalwart ties

42.  Garfield/Arthur win 1880  July 2, 1881 – Charles Guiteau assassinated Garfield “I did it, I will go to jail for it, I am a Stalwart and Arthur is now president”

43.  Arthur now becomes reformer  Urges congress to pass Pendleton Civil Service Act Job placements based on applicants examination Tenure

44.  First Democrat in 28 years  Wants to lower Tariff Congress doesn’t support

45.  Spoils system is over…now political power come from few major players instead of the masses of supporters  Big Business wants a high protective Tariff

46.  Free Traders No Tariff Farmers People feel treasury has too much $$  Protectionist High Tariff Big Business Protect American manufacturing

47.  Harrison – 1890 will increase tariffs

48.  Only president to serve two non- consecutive terms  Tariff bill passes without his signature  McKinley (1896) will increase Tariff